Evolution

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Darwin’s concept of natural selection stated that, ancestral species are different from present day species but in accordance to evolution all life is related. Darwin based his biological evolution in that genes hold the most significant key to an organism relating to development behavior and growth. He based his theory on a sailing trip he ventured in where he found out that different species of finches had different types of beaks. His general observation was that phenotype characteristics will be passed on to next generation of organisms. He disregarded the basic concept of genetics but rather focused on the heredity concept (Nardo, 2001).

The theory of common descent has been widely accepted since scientists have verified and found the occurrence of evolution. Common descent shows that ancestral linkages are common in a group of species and have similar traits. Through anatomy structural features of animals and plants has shown evidence of common descent.DNA has been vital in explaining common descent as DNA sequence shows that mutation occurs in different organism.

This theory was not accepted by scientists because they believed traits from parent organism would be passed to their offspring’s, scientific advancement would later prove the theory (Nardo, 2001). It was acknowledged more than Natural selection which was based on heredity and scientist regarded it as a dangerous idea. It would later be known that Darwin had no evidence for natural selection he based his entire theory on a species of Finches and other imaginary animal and plant breeding.

His concept of descent with modification was more convincing since he presented variety of cases and observation that all reached a similar conclusion. The Conclusion being all species descended from existing species over a long time later to be known as biological evolution.

Charles Darwin had conceded that evolution would be explained by fossil records and how they change from one organism to another. Fossils are rare and are found in sedimentary rocks and are considered to evidence of evolution. Fossilization is the process by which organism body is made into fossils .Fossils is found when organisms die and decay and is hidden under sediments (Nardo, 2001). They need to be near water source for preservation or under sediment rocks so as to preserve the organism by building pressure on the rocks.

Radiometric dating is mainly done too much older fossils which are mainly found in igneous rocks .It is done by element which are slow to decay such as uranium and not radioactive carbon. Fossils hold the general concept of evolution as record indicates how species of plants and animals decayed long ago. Since hard elements of organisms are the major elements that are observed and found by scientist they hold the key to understanding a type of species.

Fossil generally interpret how life was and how certain types of animals became extinct and through dating it can be assessed when they existed. Radiometric dating enables us to know history of evolution on rocks and it fundamental in explaining evolution. Through relative dating we can determine which organisms are older than which ones (Nardo, 2001).

The law of supposition (known as relative dating) explains how young organisms are found on the surface while older organisms are buried deep within the rocks. Darwin’s theory would be interpreted and it would show that actual plants and animals could adapt, reproduce and grow with the same genes mutation as previous organisms with similar phenotypes. Radiometric dating is significant as it is easier to determine the smallest finding of an organism in a rock particle. Fossils show how life was the evidence of growth is written on the fossils found and how it built up over time.

Darwin’s principles of natural selection are based on the evolution of organisms and how they adapt to an environment. Their genetic characteristics and how the gradual process show biological traits that enable an organism to adapt to pressures of specific environments. Survival and reproduction and how the traits would be transited to the next generations are the sole purpose of evolution (Darwin, 2009). There are generally five principles of natural selection and they are based on Darwin evolution theory and scientists findings. This assumptions show how population variations are favorable to some and unfavorable to other because of the finite resources. The assumptions include, time, inheritance, differential survival and reproduction, variations and the struggle for existence.

Time indicates how a species will relate to a specific environment over time. Adapting to use the scarce resource and how they evolve to within a specific period of time. Inheritance of genes will help generations adapt to the environment. Parent traits which have been adapted will help organisms relate to the environment thus will be physically capable to withstand any conditions (Darwin, 2009). Variations that will help in reproduction will suit species best as parents pass down traits to offspring’s.

Variations can assist an organism to survive better in a specific environment. A stick insect will be hard to notice if it hangs on a branch. This adaptability trait is passed on as survival tactics from parents. Most animals can relate to an environment by color, shape and other physical attributes even humans have different complexions and survive with what they have. All individuals have different characteristics than others. The struggle for survival is prudent and organisms that are younger will survive better with the available resources since they will reproduce

Reference

Nardo, D. (2001). Origin of species: Darwin’s theory of evolution words that changed history. (pp. 56-100).Massachusetts, Lucent Books

Darwin, C. (2009). On the origin of species by means of natural selection (2nd edition): Preservation of favored races in the struggle for life. (2 ed., pp. 6-80). Mobile Reference