Wireless sensor networks (WSN) provide viable solutions towards monitoring of the environment, health conditions of structures as well as the security and safety of the water. The development of a simple star-topology wireless sensor network is developed from an integrated software and hardware design. Multiple wireless sensing units are connected to a central server that coordinates all network activities. The central server could be a laptop or desktop computer connected to wireless transceivers compatible to it. monitoring system bridges wireless sensor networks with advanced hydraulic and water quality processing. The wireless sensor networks are responsible for collecting application data like hydraulic pressure transients, leak detection, and monitoring of water quality parameters and levels in combined sewer outflows (CSO). Water supply and sewer networks are detected for leaks, water quality, and contamination resulting from sewer overflows. Most water distribution systems face the challenge of significant water loss through leakage that is translated into an economic loss. Reduction in leakage through well-strategized actions in water network management translates into economic benefits. Leakage of freshwater can cause severe damage while that of wastewater leads to contamination of soil and environment. The cleanup process may be very expensive.

Catastrophic failures result in environmental degradation, loss of human life, and the production of large masses of demolished waste. Building codes and design methods are used to produce structures safe for public utility. At times, structures are exposed to harsh conditions through loads and the surroundings not planned for during the design process. These harsh conditions normally produce long-term structural deterioration. Structures, therefore, need continuous assessment through various techniques. The common techniques used are. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Commercial technology is used in the NDE technique. The SHM technique involves the collection of data from sensors. The sensors are permanently mounted on the structure. Collected data are processed according to the selected methods of damage detection. A system used to detect damages in engineering infrastructure is referred to as Structural Health Monitoring. This technique is used to monitor freshwater mains and sewerage pipes.