Write 5 pages thesis on the topic fiber optic cable. In cases when congestion of the underground facilities or cables is noticed or suspected in an area, pilot excavation must be carried out before the actual excavation.

4. Cable trenches are excavated along the sidewalk of the main street to bury the fibre optic cable. According to (96 cables, n.d.), the depth and width of excavation for making the trench for the fibre optic cable should be according to the following specifications unless otherwise directed by the regional authority:

5. The base of the trench should be made as smooth and levelled off as possible. Existence of stones with sharp corners and such other obstacles can totally damage the fibre optic cable. In order to achieve a well-levelled surface at the trench’s bottom, fine sand should be used and should be compacted sufficiently. In order to gain a strong and smooth bed of sand, enough sand should be poured to pile up into a well-compacted layer of 5 cm by minimum.

6. For burying the fibre optic cables, PVC pipes should be installed for protection, The inside diameter of the PVC pipes should not be lesser than 100 mm. The PVC pipes should be thick and strong enough to protect the fibre optic cable. A minimum thickness of 5.5 mm sufficiently serves the purpose. While choosing the diameter of the pipe, the possibility of cable replacement or installation in the future should be taken into consideration and allowed room for.

7. The PVC pipe’s covering depth for OAN at the carriageway’s crossing should be no less than 120 cm starting from the ground surface to the pipe’s top unless otherwise directed by the regional authority.

10. The Partner installing the protective PVC pipes should specify the maximum pull and the speed with which the buried cable can be pulled inside the trench according to the standard practices of installation.

11. Once the cables have been put in place, the trench should be backfilled using fine sand or some other medium that is equally soft. After a slight backfilling of the trench, the sand layer should be tamped quite well. While tamping it, the layer should also be watered sufficiently so that the sand at the top of the cable becomes well compacted. The minimum thickness of sand at the top of the cable should be 10 cm.