1. What macroeconomic and microeconomic factors contribute to changes in the required rate of return for individual investments and investments in general? Explain each of them. 2. Explain the purpose and function of a capital market? 3. Explain in detail the characteristics that determine the quality of a capital market? 4. What is the difference between a primary and secondary capital market and how do these markets support each other? Explain in detail. 5. Explain the specific factors that contribute to an efficient market? 6. Given the overall efficient market hypothesis, what are the three subhypotheses and what are the implications of each? Explain. 7. What specific ratios help determine a firm’s internal liquidity, operating performance, risk profile, growth potential, and external liquidity? Explain each with example. 8. How can the DuPont analysis help evaluate a firm’s return on equity over time? Explain. 1. What do we mean by risk aversion and what evidence indicates that investors are generally risk averse? Explain in detail. 2. Explain the basic assumptions behind the Markowitz portfolio theory? 3. What is meant by risk and what are some of the alternative measures of risk used in investments? 4. What are the main assumptions of the capital asset pricing model? Explain each assumption. 5. What is a risk-free asset and what are its risk-return characteristics? 6. Define portfolio management. How do we measure diversification for an individual portfolio? 7. What is systematic and unsystematic risk? How they affect the business? Explain. 8. How does the goal of a passive equity portfolio manager differ from the goal of an active manager? Explain.