Q1. Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. Two parents, Fred and Ginger, have normal vision. They have two daughters, Takiyah and Kelly, who also have normal vision, and a color blind son, David. Daughter Kelly has a color blind son, Kevin. Daughter Takiyah has five sons, all with normal vision. What are genotypes of all the individuals mentioned in this difficulty?

Q2. In a microbiology lab experiment, 2 different E. coli strains as a well as an untreated water sample were placed on a nutrient agar dish by aseptic techniques. The same bacterial solutions were placed on another nutrient agar dish; yet this dish was treated with X-gal. What is the point of the agar dish not treated with X-gal? (X-gal shows the presence of an enzyme that metabolizes it, which yields a blue colour).