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Tactics employed by the agents of FBI secret group to express radical groups

Illegal wiretaps

Illegal wiretapping involved intentionally making connections or tapping onto phones or telegraph lines by the FBI’S and intentionally reading or attempting to read a message transmitted via telephone or any other type of wire without the permission of all parties

Warrantless Physical Searches

These are searches and seizures conducted without court-issued search warrants. In the United States, warrantless searches are restricted under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, which states that the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated. No Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

An array of dirty tricks

The most egregious dirty tricks the FBI attempted followed the creation of a COINTELPRO, A secret counterintelligence program aimed at black nationalists/hate groups beginning in 1967, as American cities burned from Newark to Detroit.

Why is wealth disparity a better measure than income disparity (between whites and the U.S BLACK?)

A demographic lens is more informative than income disparity because income is dynamic and changes from year to year. At the same time, wealth is a more stable approach to measuring racial inequalities. Despite some fluctuations, the large racial and ethnic wealth gaps remain essentially unchanged when looking at black/white families.

Around 2016, the typical white family had about ten times the wealth of the typical black family and about 7.5% of the wealth of Hispanic families. Over time there has been little or no effort to narrow the racial and ethnic wealth gaps.

Who is James Turner, and why is he important for Black Studies as a discipline?

James Turner is the founding Director of the Africana Studies and Research Centre, founded in 1961. He is also a former professor of African and African American Politics and Social Policy at Cornell. In the late 1960s, Black communities began to demand academic programmes and funding for African American studies at universities across the country.

Black students at Cornell University seized and occupied University’s Willard Straight Hall in April 1969 to protest conditions on campus. They demanded the creation of a Black Studies program to make the curriculum more relevant to the interests of African Americans and the country.

The Cornell students had heard gifted young scholar and activist prof. James Turner articulates his vision of education for liberation at a conference at Howard University. They selected Turner to direct and develop the Africana Studies and Research Center at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

A nation of law?” documents the state of the murder of Fred Hampton and the Attica prison uprising. Explain why the topic of the document is ironic.

In the late 1960s, Fred Hampton helped lead a coalition of activists, working across racial lines against a corrupt city government that threatened their communities. At the core of their work were social programs, including free breakfasts, health clinics and legal aid. Hampton named the group Rainbow coalition. And because of its impacts, it was not long before its members got the attention of the police and the FBI. What followed were an assassination and a cover-up. The topic is ironic since he was murdered for matters contrary to the government’s wishful thinking, which means they were contrary to the Nation of law.

Prof .Hunter’s lecture, the sociology of Urban Black America, discusses three key reasons (push factors) for the great migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North. What are these reasons?

Unsatisfactory Economic Opportunities

These factors were exacerbated by the limitations of sharecropping, farm failures and crop damage from the boll weevil, and ongoing racial oppression in the form of Jim Crow Laws. Pull factors included encouraging reports of good wages and living conditions that spread by word of mouth and appeared in African American newspapers. With advertisements for housing and employment and firsthand stories of newfound success in the North, which became the Great Migration’s leading promoters?

Harsh Segregationist Laws

After the United States abolished slavery, Black Americans continued to be marginalized through enforced segregation and diminished access to facilities, housing, education and opportunities. Segregation is the practice requiring separate housing, education and other services for people of color. Segregation was made several times in 18th and 19th century America as some believed the black and white people were incapable of coexisting.

PART 2

Analysis of the book; “Brother Am Dying”

Edwidge Danticat’s book known as “Brother am Dying” is a narrative or rather a nonfiction story explaining his life as a young boy, how his parents left him to go to work in USA, and all his experiences since the day he stepped out of Haiti. The book which is considered as an autobiography uses different styles such as flashbacks to narrate everything that happened to the author and his family in general. It is a narrative which explains the life and experiences of a black family which spent its life in the environments of United States of America (Albritton, 202).

The author, Edwidge, who happens to be the main character of the book explains his different experiences since he was born up to the time he got a chance to join his parents in the USA. The book begins which an explanation on how the author was unable to see or meet his parents who were located in US due to his Haiti originality (Bennett, 46). According to the book, the author spent over twelve years waiting for his parents who were tirelessly looking for a visa to help their son join them in their new life as immigrants.

The book drew a lot of attention to the administration of USA and several proposals were made regarding the treatment of Black people in the country. In relation to the author, the black race was treated unfairly when it came into matters concerning movement of other races into the country (Bennett, 42). The book also showed how the black race was not considered in their personal rights, whether in the constitution or not.

Works Cited

Albritton, Laura. “Brother, I’m Dying.” (2008): 201-203.

Bennett, Ian Bethel. “Danticat, Edwidge. Brother, I am Dying.” Anthurium A Caribbean Studies Journal 6.1 (2008).

Development and Meaning of Black Power

During the early 1970s, the black activists and other political leaders came up with a slogan which represented their struggle in fighting for African supremacy. The black power movement was launched in order to help the black Americans living in the USA achieve their determination as citizens of America (Joseph, 750). The slogan was mainly introduced to stand for different kind of ideologies which were all set and aimed at improving the self worthiness of Black Americans

Although the slogan and the revolution of Black Power were slow, its focus on pushing Black Capitalism was highly achieved. Business people used the slogan to grow their supremacy over years, actions which led to improvisation of other amenities such as schools and universities for the black (Joseph, 770). Fight for black supremacy also led to unexpected happenings such in the 1968 summer Olympics where the demonstrations were valued and considered.

Several demonstrations by black business people and other black races living in the country led to acknowledgment of the movement, until the time it was recognized as a black revolutionary movement which was helping the black Americans in living peacefully and exercising their political and personal rights just like the white race (Bell, 35). Discrimination and other related misconducts by the administration became minimal after this demonstration, leading to the success of the movement in upgrading the life of blacks in USA.

Works Cited

Joseph, Peniel E. “The Black Power Movement: A state of the field.” Journal of American History 96.3 (2009): 751-776.

Joseph, Peniel E., ed. The black power movement: Rethinking the civil rights-black power era. Taylor & Francis, 2006.

Bell, Joyce M., and Joyce Bell. The Black power movement and American social work. Columbia University Press, 2014.