I need to response to my class mates posting. 2 paragraphs. 4-5 sentences each paragraph, must be related to the post below, APA format

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues using one or more of the following approaches:

• Suggest additional health risks or issues that could be relevant to the child.
• Critique your colleagues’ questions, and suggest how the parents or caregivers might interpret these questions. Provide alternate or additional questions.
• Suggest an additional strategy for gathering patient information or promoting proactivity.

My class mates post is below:

Health Assessment of Children’s Weight

Main Post

Undernutrition when the body lacks energy and nutrients and the body is unable to growth, maintain itself, and able to perform specific functions (Martins, et al., 2011). Rice, Sacco, Hyder, & Black, (2000), define malnutrition as a “cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body’s demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific function.” The consumption of energy-dense foods with poor nutritional content may cause the malnutrition of obesity. The root causes of undernutrition can be heredity, physiology, and the environment. Since undernutrition develops over time, insufficient caloric intake, an inappropriate combination of protein, fat, and carbohydrates are some environmental causes. Additional environmental causes are a frequent domestic social problem or lack of food. Physiological contributors to undernutrition are malabsorption, increased need for caloric intake (cancer or infection), impaired metabolism, dysphagia, and behavioral (McDowell, Fryar, Ogden, & Flegal, 2008)

Health Issues and Risks of Undernutrition in a Child

The child suffering from undernutrition can have the reduced muscle and tissue mass that leads to decreased stamina and decreased mobility. The decrease in the muscle and tissue mass affects thermoregulation and makes the undernourished individual susceptible being hypothermic. System wise, there will be a slower immune response, and an increased the risk of getting infections like chest infection that can cause breathing difficulties and respiratory failure. Undernutrition causes delayed wound healing and increase in the time taken to recover from an illness (McDowell, et al. 2011).

Undernutrition is the highest cause of mortality in children, and the physiological effects may be with the child for a long time (Martins, et al., 2011). According to Martins, et al., (2011), there is an increased susceptibility to fat accumulation especially in the trunk and lower fat oxidation. The body metabolism rate is low both at rest and postprandial hence, lower energy expenditure. The authors also reported that undernourished children experience insulin resistance, a reduced capacity for manual work dyslipidemia and hypertension, work in adulthood. It also affects the central and has been linked to poor mental development, lower school achievement, and behavioral abnormalities (Martins, et al., 2011). The undernourished child has an increased chance of developing post-operative complications.

Causes

It is not clear whether the constitution of the parents accounts for their malnutrition or that there is a social cause of the malnutrition but if the parents are undernourished, the child will also be.

After the initial assessment, these are the appropriate questions to ask the parents.

Is there any recent change in the family? (To identify possible stressors – recent changes, divorce, illness, death, new sibling)

Do you eat together as a family? Tell me about your typical breakfast.

(This question is a roundabout way of knowing the type of meal that they serve at home).

Did X ever have pain with swallowing?

Does X experience vomiting, diarrhea, or difficulty in swallowing?

Does X avoid particular types of food or foods with a particular texture?

Does X take soda? (if the child took too much soda, she might not eat regular food)

How often does X talk about weight or weight loss? (To determine eating disorder)

Is X hyperactive? (Thyroid problems can make a child hyperactive and lose weight)

Mr., tell me about your job? (to know whether the father is out of job)

This is a chart for you to keep a record of everything the child eats and drinks for one week and bring it with you in the next visit. (This can help to determine if the child is eating an adequate number and type of calories and eliminate eating disorder). It is imperative to screen for an eating disorder because of the age of the patient. Statistics provided by Galligan, (2014) showed that over

10-year-olds afraid of being fat, is 80%

13-year-old American girls are unhappy with their bodies is 53%

10-14-year-olds are actively dieting is 30%

9-11 year-olds are “sometimes” or “very often” on diets is 46%

The provider would ask the social worker to work with the family so that they would get government assistance if the cause is poverty.

References

Martins, V. J., Florêncio, T. M., Grillo, L. P., Franco, M. D., Martins, P. A., Clemente, A. P., . . . Sawaya, A. L. (2011). Long-Lasting Effects of Undernutrition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(12), 1817-1846. doi:10.3390/ijerph8061817

McDowell , M. A., Fryar, C. D., Ogden, C. L., & Flegal, K. M. (2008). Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: National Health Statistics Reports; no 10. United States, 2003–2006. Retrieved June 14, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr010.pdf

Gallivan, H. R. (2014). Teens, Social Media and Body Image. Minnesota Association for Children’s Mental Health. Retrieved from http://www.macmh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/18…

Rice, A.L., Sacco, L., Hyder, A., & Black, R. E. (2000). Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78, 1207-1221.