Hi, need to submit a 3250 words paper on the topic 3D Visualisation and Physical Model Making: a Comparative Study. Training of pilots and astronauts has been very much simplified using computer simulation. From very olden times to the present day, physical models are being used in schools, colleges, and other places of learning to familiarise students with concepts of objects and places, science, and mathematics, human and animal anatomy, space, and the universe. Models can be scaled up or scaled-down versions of real objects or idealized simplified models like spherical models of planets, or they can be fictitious objects representing phenomena like the Bohr model of an atom or double helix model of a DNA( Frigg et al 2012). While 3D visualization and modeling have revolutionized visual communication in all branches of human knowledge, physical models continue to be of value because of their simplicity, mass appeal, and easy portability across different levels of sophistication.

Visual communication is the method of conveying ideas and meanings through images. Sketches, drawings, maps, and symbols have been used from the beginning of civilization to convey and preserve ideas. Physical models of objects and living organisms serve to communicate the idea of the target as vividly as possible. Charts and tables are used to visually represent scientific and experimental data. Product requirements and specifications are communicated through sketches and drawings. Economic and social data and statistics are represented graphically to promote better understanding and analysis. All the visual data could be presented only in two dimensions (2D) on paper or screen. However, attempts have been continuously made to impart depth and texture to images and drawings to create a lifelike view (3D). The development of computer and audio-visual technology has opened up immense possibilities in the field of visual communication.

3D visualizations use computer graphics to generate the effect of depth so that there is an illusion of seeing a solid object. The techniques in this field have advanced so much that a real life-like visual experience is possible. In contrast to maps and architectural drawings that require some understanding of the symbols and methods, computer visualization communicates directly with the target audience and there is no need for any training to watch it. Therefore computer visualization is a universally accepted mode of communication and a valuable means of imparting information and knowledge to all classes in the society.