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Determinants of health are factors that influence the health status of an individual. There are five determinate of health categories, there are biology and genetic which are age and sex. There is individual behavior, such as smoking and alcohol and there is social factor such as income. There is also health services such as access to healthcare and lastly physical environment, which is the condition of the environment the person is living in. (“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” 2019)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) also known as heart disease is an umbrella of conditions that affect the heart by causing a narrowing or blocked blood vessel, which leads to an heart attack or stroke. Cardiovascular diseases also includes blood vessel diseases, such as heart rhythm problems known as arrhythmias and heart defects people are born with such as congenital heart defects. (“Mayo Clinic,” 2019)

Cardiovascular disease have many determinants that contribute to the health issues. A determinant that contribute to CVD is income, which is part of social factor. According to Kreatsoulas (2010), CVD “is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among high-income countries [and] is the leading cause of noncommunicable morbidity and mortality among low-income and middle-income countries accounting for almost 25% of total deaths.” (p.1) The second determinant are biology and genetic, according to Kumar (2017), the racial groups and genetic component have a vital role in the development of CVD and increases its burden.” (p.2). This is because CVD affects Black Americans and “those having the familial history of heart disease” 2 to 3 times more than white Americans. (Kumar, 2017,p.2). The third determinant is Behavioral such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and physical activities. These components contributes to the mortality and morbidity rate of CVD, according to Kumar (2017), the population that “consumes high cholesterol diet, alcohol, smokes, and obese have a high number of CVD,” (p.3)

The determinant that would the hardest one to change is social factor. People work to make money and depending on their income and the neighbor they live in, more stress is accumulated due to working to survive and according to the World Health Organization, “stress at work is associated with a 50% excess risk of coronary heart disease,” (“World Health Organization,” 2008, p.5) The determinant that is the least difficult to change is behavioral factor, this is because you can stop smoking, there are many medication and resources available as an aid. This is the same with drinking, there facilities that helps such as rehabilitation centers. There are gyms and other resources for maintaining proper physical activities and a nutritionist for dieting.

Reference

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). NCHHSTP Social Determinants of Health. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/socialdeterminants/definitions.html#:~:targetText=Factors%20that%20contribute%20to%20a,Biology%20and%20genetics.

Kreatsoulas, C., & Anand, S. S. (2010). The impact of social determinants on cardiovascular disease. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 8C–13C. doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(10)71075-8

Kumar, S. (2017). Cardiovascular Disease and Its Determinants: Public Health Issue. Journal Of Clinical and Medicine and Therapeutics, 2(1), 1-5. Retrtived from http://www.imedpub.com/articles/cardiovascular-disease-and-its-determinants-public-health-issue.php?aid=18223

Mayo Clinic. (2019). Heart Disease. Retrieved by https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118#:~:targetText=Cardiovascular%20disease%20generally%20refers%20to,considered%20forms%20of%20heart%20disease.

World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation:Health equality through action on the social determiants of health. Commision on Social Determiants of Health, 1-256. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43943/9789241563703_eng.pdf?sequence=1

Respond to the bold paragraph ABOVE by using one of the option below… in APA format with At least two references and a minimum of 200 words….. .(The List of References should not be included in the word count.)

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