Part A

 

 

 

Some questions in Part A require that you access data from Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics. This data is available on the student website under the Student Text Resources link.

 

 

 

1. Why is a z score a standard score? Why can standard scores be used to compare scores from different distributions?

    

2. For the following set of scores, fill in the cells. The mean is 70 and the standard deviation is 8.

    

 

Raw score	Z score
68.0	?
?	–1.6
82.0	?
?	1.8
69.0	?
?	–0.5
85.0	?
?	1.7
72.0	?

 

 

 

1. Questions 3a through 3d are based on a distribution of scores with  and the standard deviation = 6.38. Draw a small picture to help you see what is required.

 

 

 

1. What is the probability of a score falling between a raw score of 70 and 80?

2. What is the probability of a score falling above a raw score of 80?

3. What is the probability of a score falling between a raw score of 81 and 83?

4. What is the probability of a score falling below a raw score of 63?

    

 

1. Jake needs to score in the top 10% in order to earn a physical fitness certificate. The class mean is 78 and the standard deviation is 5.5. What raw score does he need?

    

2. Who is the better student, relative to his or her classmates? Use the following table for information.

 

 

 

Math
Class mean	81
Class standard deviation	2
Reading
Class mean	87
Class standard deviation	10
Raw scores
	Math score	Reading score	Average
Noah	85	88	86.5
Talya	87	81	84
Z-scores
	Math score	Reading score	Average
Noah
Talya

 

 

 

From Salkind (2011). Copyright © 2012 SAGE. All Rights Reserved. Adapted with permission.

 

 

 

Part B

 

 

 

Some questions in Part B require that you access data from Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh. This data is available on the student website under the Student Text Resources link.

 

 

 

The data for Exercises 6 and 7 are in thedata file named Lesson 20 Exercise File 1. Answer Exercises 6 and 7 based on the following research problem:

 

 

 

Ann wants to describe the demographic characteristics of a sample of 25 individuals who completed a large-scale survey. She has demographic data on the participants’ gender (two categories), educational level (four categories), marital status (three categories), and community population size (eight categories).

 

 

 

1. Using IBM^® SPSS^® software, conduct a frequency analysis on the gender and marital status variables. From the output, identify the following:

    

 

1. Percent of men

2. Mode for marital status

3. Frequency of divorced people in the sample

    

 

1. Using IBM^® SPSS^® software, create a frequency table to summarize the data on the educational level variable.

    

   The data for Exercise 8 is available in the data file named Lesson 21 Exercise File 1.

    

2. David collects anxiety scores from 15 college students who visit the university health center during finals week. Compute descriptive statistics on the anxiety scores. From the output, identify the following:

    

 

1. Skewness

2. Mean

3. Standard deviation

4. Kurtosis

 

 

 

From Green & Salkind (2011). Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. All Rights Reserved. Adapted with permission.

 

 

 

Part C

 

 

 

Complete the questions below. Be specific and provide examples when relevant.

 

 

 

Cite any sources consistent with APA guidelines.

 

 

 

Question		Answer
What is the relationship between reliability and validity? How can a test be reliable but not valid? Can a test be valid but not reliable? Why or why not?
How does understanding probability help you understand statistics?
How could you use standard scores and the standard distribution to compare the reading scores of two students receiving special reading resource help and one student in a standard classroom who does not get special help?
In a standard normal distribution: What does a z score of 1 represent? What percent of cases fall between the mean and one standard deviation above the mean? What percent fall between the mean and –1 to +1 standard deviations from the mean? What percent of scores will fall between –3 and +3 standard deviations under the normal curve?