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Part 1: Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition that is characterized by high blood sugar. The major parts of the body affected by diabetes include the heart, nerves, blood vessels, kidneys and the eyes (Agarwal, 2018).

Part 2: Normal function of the parts affected

The parts affected by diabetes are vital organs and tissues of the body, and this means that if the condition is not rectified, it can be fatal leading to the death of the patient. The human heart pumps blood to all parts of the body, and this is done through the circulatory system which as well plays an important role in supplying oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and at the same time removing carbon dioxide and other wastes from the tissues (Sherwood, 2015). Blood vessels are an integral part of the blood circulation and have their main function as the transportation of blood throughout the body. Various types of blood vessels include the arteries and veins that transport blood away and to the heart respectively. All the blood vessels have a basic structure. The human heart is located on the chest cavity while the blood vessels run throughout the body.

The nervous system, on the other hand, consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs as well as all the nerves connecting to the rest of the body. The main function of the nervous system is to control the body and its communication. The eye controls the amount of light through changing the size of the pupil while the kidneys help the body in waste elimination through cleaning the blood and removing toxic wastes. The kidneys are located against the back muscles in the upper abdominal region and sit on both sides of the body (Sherwood, 2015). The eyes are located on the frontal side of the head. The kidneys play the most prominent role in maintaining homeostasis by maintaining a balance in the level of water in the body through the elimination of toxic wastes from the body.

Part 3:

Diabetes alters the normal functioning of the body in that it changes the normal functioning of the affected organs. Diabetes refers to the rise in blood sugar level and this results from the failure of the pancreas to regulate the sugar level in the body. Diabetes affects the functioning of the heart as it increases the blood pressure and as well elevates the cholesterol level. High cholesterol level and high blood pressure increase the risk of heart attack and cardiovascular diseases (Gilbert & Krum, 2015). The cholesterol blocks the heart muscles and may result in coronary heart disease. On the other hand, diabetes is characterized by high glucose in the blood, the blood vessels are used to transport blood to the rest of the body but with the presence of the high glucose level, the blood vessels constrict as they are clogged with fats and this increases the risk of high blood pressure and can result in stroke.

The eyes, on the other hand, are affected by diabetes in that it increases the rate of diabetic retinopathy, which results from an accumulation of uncontrolled diabetes over the years (Eshaq et al. 2017). The condition is caused by blood vessels in the back of the eye swelling and leaking and can also result from an increased blood pressure rate. Kidneys control the amount of water in the body, but in the event of uncontrolled diabetes, the kidneys may be significantly affected leading to diabetic nephropathy. The kidneys are unable to conduct their normal function, and this may lead to continued excretion of water from the body characterized by frequent urination making the body lack enough water and the consequent thirst. Diabetes affects the nervous system and can result in neuropathy a condition characterized by numbness in the hands and feet resulting from nervous failure, lack of sexual arousal in both male and females, excessive sweating as well as diagnosis of delayed stomach emptying.

Conclusion

Diabetes affects various organs of the body that are vital to the physiological process such as water regulation in the body, blood pressure, visual as well as the regulation of nerves. Screening of diabetes is highly recommended as a continued accumulation of the blood sugar level can be fatal affecting the vital physiological process as it affects the core body organs which can make it difficult for a person to survive and live a healthy life. Treatment of blood sugar is done through insulin injection to lower the blood sugar level.

References

Agarwal, S. (2018). How Diabetes Affects Your Body (And What You Can Do About It). diabetes.

Eshaq, R. S., Aldalati, A. M., Alexander, J. S., & Harris, N. R. (2017). Diabetic retinopathy: breaking the barrier. Pathophysiology, 24(4), 229-241.

Gilbert, R. E., & Krum, H. (2015). Heart failure in diabetes: effects of anti-hyperglycaemic drug therapy. The Lancet, 385(9982), 2107-2117.

Sherwood, L. (2015). Human physiology: from cells to systems. Cengage learning.