Question

Question 1

2 / 2 pts

Dilated and sluggish pupils, widening pulse pressure, and bradycardia are clinical findings evident of which stage of intracranial hypertension?

Stage 4

Stage 2

Stage 1

Stage 3

Question 2

2 / 2 pts

Posthyperventilation apnea (PHVA) ceases and rhythmic breathing is resumed when levels of arterial

carbon dioxide become normal.

oxygen increase.

oxygen decrease.

carbon dioxide increase.

Question 3

2 / 2 pts

Uncal herniation occurs when

the hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa.

the diencephalon shifts from the middle fossa straight downward through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa.

the cingulate gyrus shifts under the falx cerebri.

a cerebellar tonsil shifts through the foramen magnum.

Question 4

2 / 2 pts

What are the areas of the brain that mediate several cognitive functions, including vigilance, reasoning, and executive functions?

Occipital

Limbic

Parietal

Prefrontal

Question 5

0 / 2 pts

The most critical aspect in diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is

computed tomography (CT) scan.

cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

health history.

skull x-ray films.

Question 6

2 / 2 pts

Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of the

brain tissue.

meninges.

neurons.

ventricles.

Question 7

2 / 2 pts

Which is a characteristic of brainstem death?

Comatose

Vegetative state

Apnea

Locked-in syndrome

Question 8

2 / 2 pts

Which disease process is infratentorial?

Cerebellar neoplasm

Parkinson disease

Encephalitis

Cerebral neoplasm

Question 9

2 / 2 pts

Microinfarcts resulting in pure motor or pure sensory deficits are the result of which type of stroke?

Lacunar

Hemorrhagic

Embolic

Thrombotic

Question 10

0 / 2 pts

Spinal cord injuries are most likely to occur in which of the following regions?

Cervical and thoracic

Lumbar and sacral

Cervical and lumbar

Thoracic and lumbar

Question 11

2 / 2 pts

A right hemisphere embolic cerebrovascular accident has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of the left foot and leg. The vessel most likely affected by the emboli is the right _____ artery.

middle cerebral

posterior cerebral

vertebral

anterior cerebral

Question 12

2 / 2 pts

In children most intracranial tumors are located

laterally.

below the tentorium cerebelli.

above the tentorium cerebelli.

posterolaterally.

Question 13

2 / 2 pts

What are the most common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Hypertensive crisis and agitation

Orthostatic hypotension and weight gain

Dry mouth and sexual dysfunction

Sleep disturbances and nausea

Question 14

0 / 2 pts

Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Serotonin

Question 15

0 / 2 pts

Which electrolyte imbalance contributes to lithium toxicity?

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia

Question 16

2 / 2 pts

Benign febrile seizures are characterized by

onset after the fifth year of life.

respiratory or ear infections.

lasting 30 minutes or more.

a temperature less than 39° C.

Question 17

2 / 2 pts

The clinical manifestations of dyskinetic cerebral palsy include

exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and rigidity of extremities.

scoliosis, contractures, and stiffness of trunk muscles.

increased muscle tone and prolonged primitive reflexes.

jerky uncontrolled and abrupt fine musculoskeletal movements.

Question 18

2 / 2 pts

A _____ is the test done on amniotic fluid and maternal blood to test for neural tube defect.

α-fetoprotein (AFP)

total protein

culture

C-reactive protein

Question 19

2 / 2 pts

Symptoms characteristic of bulimia nervosa include:

a perception that the body is fat when it is actually underweight.

recurrent episodes of binge eating with fears of not being able to stop eating.

absence of three consecutive menstrual periods.

a fear of becoming obese despite progressive weight loss.

Question 20

2 / 2 pts

Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction by

the loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine, causing an adynamic ileus.

twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle causing occlusion of the blood supply.

forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to intestinal omentum and cause obstruction.

telescoping of part of the intestine into another usually causing strangulation of the blood supply.

Question 21

2 / 2 pts

After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are a result of

a rapid gastric emptying and creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine that causes a sudden shift of fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen.

hemorrhage postoperatively in which a large volume of blood is lost, causing hypotension with compensatory tachycardia.

an anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth muscles causing shock.

a concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small intestine, which causes hyperglycemia, resulting in polyuria and eventually hypovolemic shock.

Question 22

0 / 2 pts

Hepatitis _____ in children is primarily associated with blood transfusions.

D

B

A

C

Question 23

2 / 2 pts

_____ diarrhea results from lactose intolerance.

Motility

Secretory

Small volume

Osmotic

Question 24

0 / 2 pts

A person with cystic fibrosis has an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency because

the pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater.

of the impaired blood supply to the pancreas causing ischemia.

genetically the pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes.

the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus.

Question 25

2 / 2 pts

Prolonged diarrhea is more severe in children than in adults because

children have diarrhea more often than do adults.

children have a higher fluid volume intake.

less water is absorbed from the colon in children.

fluid reserves are smaller in children.