Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is for students to develop an in-depth understanding of

various disabling conditions, the types of RT modalities that are used, and activity adaptations that may

be necessary when working with individuals with such a disabling condition.

To demonstrate these skills, each student will complete a research paper on a disabling condition and

the types of RT modalities provided for individuals with the disabling condition. Each student will also

describe in more detail, one modality for the disabling condition and particular activities that can be

implemented to match the purpose of the modality. The student will then choose one activity under the

modality, provide a description, and after conducting an activity analysis, describe the adaptations

necessary for individuals with the disabling condition. The student will also provide an overview for and

adaptations of the activity for one other disabling condition so that they can research and compare the

various needs and adaptations of various disabling conditions.

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Each student will complete a 10-13 page paper. Points will be deducted for papers that do not adhere

to this page length (no less than 10 and no more than 13). Papers are to be written in paragraph format

(no outline numbers, etc.) and must follow APA style. The cover and reference pages are not included

in the page limit. Students will be graded accordingly on a prepared paper that includes the following

sections:

a. Disabling Condition Description (15 points total and 2-3 pages)

– You will choose one specific disabling condition as represented under one of the six categories

below on p.4. (There are six categories each with examples of specific disabilities in the

parentheses.) Use the textbook to help in this choice. Chapter 3-Table 3.3 (pp. 43-46),

Chapter 13, and individual chapters on disabilities (Chapters 8-12) in the textbook will

also help you choose and help in your research your specific disabling condition.

– From information in the textbook and other resources such as journals (e.g. Therapeutic

Recreation Journal and The Annual in Therapeutic Recreation and also see the resource list

below on p. 4) and websites, you will provide a definition and description of the specific

disabling condition and its characteristics. All the categories/types/levels of the condition that

may exist, etiology (causes), and prevalence must also be included in the description. Also

include relative information as to how the condition affects the life domains (physical, emotional,

cognitive and/or social).

– You must also research and describe secondary conditions that result from the primary

disabling condition you have chosen. (For example, in the physical domain individuals with SCI

often experience pressure sores and UTIs and in the emotional domain they may experience

depression when they are newly injured. These are a result of and are secondary to the primary

condition of the SCI).

– Provide a summary of needs/limitations and strengths (covering the physical, social, emotional,

cognitive and leisure domains) that someone with the disabling condition may commonly

experience and that would be most relative to recreational therapy services. (Basically, you are

providing information from a broad assessment of the disability based on your research.)

– It is the student’s responsibility to thoroughly research (in textbooks, journals as well as

websites) his or her disabling condition so that adequate information can be presented in the

paper. The student MUST cite sources in this section whenever any information in the textbook,

journal articles, or websites is paraphrased or quoted. Points will be deducted for not citing

sources and for only using the internet as a source of information.

LEI 3703 Paper Assignment Page 2 of 5

b. Recreational Therapy (RT) Modalities (15 points total and 2-3 pages)

– Using information in the textbook as well as other resources (e.g. journals and other

textbooks), you will provide a summary of the different types of RT modalities (at least five

or more) that are provided for individuals with the disabling condition you researched in the

first section. Provide a brief description (at least 2 sentences) for each of the modalities.

– From this summary of modalities, choose one modality to research more in-depth:

1) Describe the modality in more detail (history, purpose, full description, etc.) and provide

the reason why this modality is important for someone with the disabling condition;

2) Apply the APIE process specifically to the modality (e.g. what behaviors, attitudes and

skills would be necessary to assess for this modality, what goal areas would be targeted in

planning, what facilitation techniques would be necessary in the implementation of this

modality, and what areas would be important in the evaluation of the client and the program

based on this modality and how often would it be important to evaluate the client and the

program (e.g. progress notes, formative, summative, etc.)); and

3) Provide a summary of examples of specific activities (at least five) that could be found

under and fulfill the overall purpose of the modality. Explain why each activity fits under that

modality and how it can fulfill its purpose.

– Use Chapter 5, Table 5.2 (pp. 71-72), Chapter 6, the APIE Outline Handout, Chapter 13,

and individual chapters on disabilities (Chapter 8-12) in the textbook to help you

choose and help research your modalities for the disabling condition. See below on

p. 5 for examples of activities and sources to find activities.

c. Activity Description and Activity Analysis Form & Summary (15 points total and 2 pages)

– So now you have a list of at least five activities under the modality. Choose one of these

activities.

– Provide the overall purpose of the activity and a full description of the activity (how to play,

rules, etc.) This should be at least one page.

– Using the Activity Analysis Form (AAF) (see a blank form in the assignment folder), conduct

an activity analysis on your activity and complete the form by hand. Turn in the completed

AFF with your paper. Remember, the analysis is conducted by evaluating the activity in its

most pure and normative form (i.e. do NOT think of any adaptations or modifications at this

point.) Essentially, an activity analysis is an “assessment” of the activity as is.

– In your paper provide a brief summary of information from your analysis for each of the

functional domains. This should be no more than one page.

– Use Chapter 6, the APIE Outline Handout from Module 7 (especially the section on

planning), and the Activity Analysis Form to help you with this section.

d. Activity Adaptation (10 points total and 2 pages)

– Now that you have “assessed” the disability and the activity, you will now adapt the activity

to the general needs of individuals with the disabling condition. This is general in nature so if

you were actually working with a client with the disabling condition, then you would adapt (if

it was necessary to adapt in the first place) the activity to his/her individual needs. But for

the purpose of this project, you will be providing this information at the general level of

addressing all the adaptations you can think of to address the common characteristics and

needs of those with the disabling condition.

LEI 3703 Paper Assignment Page 3 of 5

– Before you start thinking about adaptations, you should review :

o Chapter 6’s Tools for Planning (pp.88-90 especially the section on Activity

Modification);

o Chapter 13: Wellness through Physical Activity;

o Adaptive Equipment Video:

http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vss/view.do?videoId=VAA9656;

o Principles for Adapting Activities:

http://www.nchpad.org/108/843/Principles~for~Adapt…

ion~Programs~and~Settings;

o And any other resources you can find. The chapter on Make Reasonable

Adaptations from the Inclusive Leisure Services (the textbook from LEI 3707:

Inclusive Recreation Services) will also be very helpful.

– After reviewing the activity analysis and the strengths and needs/limitations section on the

disabling condition:

1) Describe how you would adapt the activity for individuals with the disability. Within the

adaptation you need to cover the physical, social, cognitive, and emotional domains of

adaptation and any administrative modifications. You will need to think about the necessary

equipment, materials, environment, etc. for adaptation as well as the adaptations for

implementation/teaching (instructions, rules, breakdown of steps, etc.). You must address

the physical, cognitive, social and emotional aspects of the adaptations. This section needs

to be thorough and provide substantial proof that you researched your activity adaptations

for the individuals with the disabling condition.

2) Describe how the adaptation will be evaluated to make sure the needs of the clients

would be met.

e. Second Disabling Condition (5 points) and Activity Adaptation (10 points) (2-3 pages)

– In order to get a sense of how an activity can be adapted for different disabilities, you will

need to choose another specific disabling condition from a second category from the list

below on p. 4. You cannot choose the same category as you did before. (For example, if

you chose a specific disability from category 1) Developmental and Cognitive Impairments,

you have to choose this second specific disability from one of the other categories #2-6.)

– You do not have to go as in depth as you did with the first disability; however, provide a

general overview, characteristics, and the needs and strengths (physical, social, cognitive,

emotional, and leisure) of individuals with this second disabling condition.

– After reviewing the activity analysis and the strengths and needs/limitations of this second

disabling condition:

1) Describe how you would adapt the activity for individuals with the disability. Within the

adaptation you need to cover the physical, social, cognitive, and emotional domains of

adaptation and any administrative modifications. You will need to think about the necessary

equipment, materials, environment, etc. for adaptation as well as the adaptations for

implementation/teaching (instructions, rules, breakdown of steps, etc.). You must address

the physical, cognitive, social and emotional aspects of the adaptations. This section needs

to be thorough and provide substantial proof that you researched your activity adaptations

for the individuals with the disabling condition.

2) Describe how the adaptation will be evaluated to make sure the needs of the clients

would be met.

LEI 3703 Paper Assignment Page 4 of 5

e. Overall Content and Process (5 points): Organized and effective presentation of ideas, spelling

and grammar, APA format, page length, etc. Please remember to attach a reference page

organized in APA format. Points will be deducted for poor grammar, spelling, not citing

sources, not using enough sources (and only using internet), and not adhering to APA style.

Six Categories and Examples of Specific Disabling Conditions for Each Category

1. Developmental and Cognitive Impairments (e.g., intellectual impairments, autism, learning

disabilities, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis, ADD/ADHD,

Alzheimer’s, Dementia, etc.)

2. Psychological Impairments (e.g., mood, anxiety, personality, behavior disorders, conduct

disorders, etc.)

3. Orthopedic Impairments (e.g. arthritis, limb loss)

4. Neurological Impairments (e.g., SCI, TBI, CVA, multiple sclerosis, seizures, Parkinson’s,

ALS, Guillian Barre Syndrome, etc.)

5. Sensory impairments (e.g., visual, hearing)

6. Social Impairments (e.g., substance-related, eating, criminal behavior, at-risk youth, etc.)

Resources for Paper (Textbooks and Journals)

Textbooks (from courses such as LEI 3703, 4724, 3707, Abnormal Psychology, Medical

Terminology, etc.)

– Inclusive leisure services (you can find information on disabilities and adaptations)

– Foundations of Therapeutic Recreation (you can find information on disabilities and

modalities)

– Facilitation Techniques in Therapeutic Recreation (each chapter incorporates the

theory(ies) that support the interventions)

Journals for Recreational Therapy (RT)

– Therapeutic Recreation Journal (In FIU library on third floor – catalog call number RM

736.7.T5 )

– Annual in Therapeutic Recreation (e-journal at FIU Library)

Journals for the broader field of leisure studies but we can find evidence related to RT

– Leisure Sciences (e-journal at FIU Library)

– Journal of Leisure Research (e-journal at FIU Library)

– Leisure Studies (e-journal at FIU Library)

– Journal of Park and Recreation Administration (e-journal at FIU Library)

Journals in other disciplines:

Palaestra, Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,

Disability and Rehabilitation, Aging and Human Development, and many, many more…. go

to the back of the chapters in your textbooks and look through the reference lists.

LEI 3703 Paper Assignment Page 5 of 5

Activity Sources, Types, and Ideas

http://www.recreationtherapy.com/tractv.htm

http://recreationtherapy.com/tx/actindex.htm

http://www.pinterest.com/hoosierchick86/recreation…

http://www.pinterest.com/klchad/recreation-therapy…

General Types of

Activities

Examples of Specific Activities

Exercise Yoga, Weight Lifting, Stretching, Aerobics, Pilates,

Jogging/Running, Jump Rope, …

Performing Arts Dance (Salsa, Ballroom, Two-Step, Electric Slide/line dances,

etc.), Movement, Tai Chi, Drama, Music-instrumental/singing,

Drama (plays, musicals, etc.) …

Arts and Crafts Drawing, Painting, Crafts, Origami, Scrap Booking, Gardening,

Clay Sculpturing, Model Building, Tie Dying, Photography, …

Team Building/

Adventure

Games/Initiatives

Communication, Trust, Cooperative, Problem Solving, …

Resources: http://www.wilderdom.com/games/ and

http://www.teambuildingactivity.com/facilitation-c…

Sports

Sports: Team Soccer, Flag Football, Ultimate Frisbee, Basketball, Softball,

Volleyball, Kick Ball, …

Sports: Individual/Dual Track and Field, Tennis, Hand Ball, Golf, Frisbee Golf, Ping

Pong, Skate Boarding, …

Games

Outdoor Games Tag, Hide and Seek, 3-Legged Race, Frisbee, Badminton,

Croquet, Lawn Bowling, Dodge Ball, Four Square, …

Indoor Games Charades, Twister, Pictionary, Scattegories, Outburst, Bingo,

Wii, video games, …

Table/Board Games Checkers, Chess, Trivial Pursuit, Cranium, Sorry, Scrabble,

Boggle, Yatzhee, Dominos, Clue, …

Card Games UNO, Texas Hold ‘em, Crazy Eights, Go Fish, War, Spoons,