HISTORY FINAL EXAM

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ESSAY 1

The historical significance of Malcolm X

He was a pioneer of the civil rights movement, minister, and Black Nationalist supporter. He encouraged his Black Americans to defend themselves “by all means” with white brutality, often contrasting with Martin Luther’s non-violent teachings. Malcolm X advocated for empowering Black people, oppressing Black people, separating Black and White Americans, and openly chastening the mainstream civil-rights movement to support non-violence and racial integration. He is best known as the nation’s spokesperson for his tenure.

The historical significance of the computer revolution.

It contributed significantly to the twenty-first-century development in computer technology in both hardware and software. Following the network revolution, ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) led to the emergence of the global internet. Computer technology in historically non-technical areas is the product of the computer revolution. They include agriculture, banking, and manufacturing. In finance, computers are used for data entry, retrieval, and storage.

The historical significance of the Equal Rights Amendment.

It gave all American citizens, regardless of gender, equal legal rights. It aims to eliminate legal disparities between men and women in divorce, land ownership, jobs, and other essential areas. It is a political and cultural manifestation in which many people have high hopes or deep reservations about the evolving status of women. The amendment secured women’s rights in the public sphere.

The historical significance of Barry Goldwater

He supported openly gay people who work in the military, environmental protection, abortion, and legalization. To win the Republican Prime Ministers in 1964, Goldwater rallied a solid conservative base. Despite being raised as an episcopal, Goldwater was the first Jewish presidential candidate to be nominated by a major American political party. He was admired for his honor and commitment to principles. Goldwater’s liberal views on social issues were cemented.

ESSAY 2

Introduction.

Cold War activities included the Soviet invasion of the Middle East and the U.S. support of every non-communist government. The Soviet Union had already had a poor deal with them because the U.S. refused to send them a nuclear weapon and because the U.S. had agreed to counter any further Soviet Union extension of the containment strategy, the advent of the Truman Doctrine used to help the non-Communist. Additional considerations include the end-of-World-War-II tension between the two countries, ideological competition between the US and the Soviet Union, nuclear weapons, and US communism paranoia (Kydd, 2018).The reason for all this was the intention of the Soviets and the Western Allies to exploit the mineral wealth of Germany. Another philosophy is that the U.S. and the Soviet Union did not like their political structures.

This had an effect on US foreign policy, leading the US to adopt a firm containment policy. Via fiscal, political, and military activities, the Soviet Union attempted to avoid the proliferation of Communism. The Marshall Plan, which cost about $13 billion, was designed to help in the battle against communism by introducing stability to Europe’s war-torn countries. Similarly, before the Soviet Union lifted the siege on West Berlin after the Battle of Berlin, the US flew over 2.5 million tons of supplies to West Berlin.

Owing to these events and philosophies, freedom of speech and freedom of the press has been suppressed out of fear of the spread of communism. There were various limitations on freedom of expression and the media during the Revolutionary War. Those loyal to the King of England—loyalists—were subject to a series of burdensome constraints on colonial officials. Some colonies have passed laws that declare the British King traitorous. Even after the U.S. proclaimed its independence from England, speech restrictions persisted. It is a great irony in history that many of the exact political figures who ratified the U.S. Constitution and the United States Charter of Rights (including the First Amendment) were the same leaders who passed the 1798 Sedition Act – a statute contrary to freedom of expression. The Law and its Alien Acts partner were a product of the times – a secret war with France. The 1798 Sedition Act criminalized the “reading, printing, uttering or publication of any fraudulent, scandalous and malicious writings or writings concerning the government of America.” The Federalist Party silenced newspaper editors from the Democratic Republic – men such as Matthew Lyon, Benjamin Bache and William Duane.

Attempts to halt the rise of communism in the United States affected the country’s residents. Following Truman, President Eisenhower took a hard line toward the Soviet Union and significantly increased the United States’ nuclear arsenal (Brooks, 2019). Since both sides possessed them, they helped discourage a possible military conflict, but their usage would result in violence and challenges to the Americans. The Kennedy and Johnson administrations called for a “flexible solution” to defeat communism, initiated a naval embargo against the danger of nuclear missiles, and supported the inability of Cuban exiled powers to depose Fidel Castro during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He sent forces to South Vietnam to combat communism.

Conclusion

This was a ten-year fight that wreaked havoc on the domestic scene in the United States. Containment was often applied in less obvious ways. “National security agencies have encouraged Hollywood to use anti-communist films as propaganda tools and have demanded that film scripts be revised to exclude references to dishonorable aspects of American history”. As a result, a slew of films were produced that fuelled patriotism and distrust of communist activity in the United States (Fearon, 2017). Americans believed it was their civic responsibility to support the economy by buying consumer products.

References

Kydd, A. H. (2018). Trust and mistrust in international relations. Princeton University Press.

Brooks, S. G., & Wohlforth, W. C. (2019). Power, globalization, and the end of the Cold War: Reevaluating a landmark case for ideas. International Security, 25(3), 5-53.

Fearon, J. D., Kasara, K., & Laitin, D. D. (2017). Ethnic minority rule and civil war onset. American Political science review, 101(1), 187-193.