1. Distinguish between a nick and a discontinuity in DNA and name the enzymes that repair them. (3 marks)2. Outline the steps involved in the use horseradish peroxidase in detection of DNA of interest in an agarose gel.3. State six applications of PCR in clinical diagnosis4. Outline the steps involved in the use of (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for Herpesvirus.5. Describe briefly orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis.6. Write down the steps involved in the production of plasminogen activator in the milk of transgenic sheep.7. Compare restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in the aspects given in the table belowAspect being comparedRFLPRAPDQuality of DNA requiredUse of radioisotopes?Detectable in all tissues?8. Explain briefly the general principles of DNA sequencing.9. Complete the following table with inducer and repressor of the given promoters.Name of promoterRepressorInducerTrp promoterGlucoamylase promoterHuman heat-shock promoter10. Explain briefly how recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is produced in yeast. (10 lines)