Energy Expenditure and Lab Report Guide

1. Read lab results and answer the following questions in a 2 page essay format:

1. Results: All results should be written in paragraph form. Simply state in words what your calculations reveal. You will then interpret these results in your discussion paragraph. (3 pts.)

2. Discussion: Application, Interpretation, Conclusions: What does the experiment tell us? Focus on any assigned questions. (5 pts.)

Based on your results & what you have learned from the lecture, DISCUSS your findings (e.g.: If you find that O2 consumption increased during exercise, EXPLAIN WHY). Please do not simply state in words what the calculations already reveal; tell me what is happening, physiologically, to the body during exercise. How are the test results applicable in the “real-world”?

3. Students are expected to discuss and interpret the lab results in groups. However, writing the report and the specific wording, calculations, graphics, and examples must be each student’s individual work. Any lab reports suspected of plagiarism and/or duplication will result in zero for all students involved.

KIN 3433: Exercise Physiology
Lab Experiment #1: Measurement of Oxygen Consumption and Net Energy Expenditure
Lab Week July 21-25

During aerobic metabolism, oxygen is utilized in the degradation of carbohydrates and fats for energy production. Therefore, oxygen consumption (VO2) can be considered a measure of aerobic metabolism. During exercise, different amounts of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism occur depending primarily on the intensity and duration of the activity. Measurement of VO2, carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and calculation of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) help determine the total energy (or caloric) expenditure and energy expenditures derived from carbohydrate and fat at rest or during exercise.
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this experiment is to:

1. Measure oxygen consumption, CO2 production, and heart rate (HR) at rest and during moderate exercise.
2. Calculate Respiratory Exchange Ratio.

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3. Calculate the total energy expenditure and energy expenditures derived from carbohydrate and fat at rest and during exercise.
EQUIPMENT:
Polar Beat wireless heart rate monitor        Track Master Treadmill
ParvoMed 2400 metabolic cart
PROCEDURES:
1.    Preparation:
A.    Warm-up and calibrate the gas analyzer 30 minutes prior to the experiment. (performed by GA or a lab assistant)
B.    Measure the subject’s body weight in lbs.
C.    Attach heart rate monitor to the chest of the subject.
D.    With subject seated on treadmill, attach breathing apparatus.

2.    Measurement During Rest (15 min):
A.    With subject seated in a chair with mask on for 5 min (Do not record the first 5 min data).
B.    Collect and record data for (HR), VO2, and VCO2 at the end of each minute of rest for the last 10 minutes.
3.    Measurement During Exercise (15 min):
A.    Exercise Workload = 4.5 mph at 0% grade
B.    Collect and record data (HR), VO2 and VCO2 at the end of each minute of exercise.
C.    Use the last 10 min data for calculation
4.    Cool down:
A.    After subject has completed 15 minutes of exercise, decrease treadmill speed to 3 mph in order to bring subject’s heart rate to 120 bpm
B.    Remove breathing apparatus from subject.

Calculating Metabolic Expenditure

I.    CALCULATION OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE AT REST

1.    Calculate 10 min resting O2 Consumption:
10 min resting consumption (VO2 L ) = ___3.08_______ sum of resting VO2 L / min
2.    Calculate resting RER:

RER= Avg VCO2 ÷ Avg VO2 = .239/.308=.7759

Average 10 min resting RER = ____.7759__________

3.    Use RER (RQ) value to find caloric equivalent on Table 6.3 (handout)
When RER = __.78_______, caloric equivalent = ___4.776______ kcal / per LO2 .
4.    Calculate total resting energy expenditure (10 min)
_3.08___O2 consumption (from #1) × __4.776______caloric equivalent (from #3) = _14.71___kcal
5.    Calculate resting energy expenditure derived from CHO and FAT.
Use RER to find percentage kcal from CHO and fat on Table 6.3:
% kcal from CHO = __26.3______, % kcal from fat = ___73.7_______
Energy Expenditure from CHO = _14.71 kcal (from 4) × 26.3_ % kcal from CHO =   3.87_kcal
Note: You need to convert % kcal to decimal value before calculating.
Example: If the % kcal from CHO (or fat) is 60%, you need to convert 60% to 0.60.
Energy Expenditure from FAT = _14.71  kcal (from 4) × __73.7_ % kcal from fat= __10.84 kcal

II.    CALCULATION OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE DURING EXERCISE

1.    Calculate O2  consumption during exercise
10 min O2 consumption (VO2 L) = __25.39______ sum of VO2 L / min during exercise

2.    Calculate  respiratory ration (RER)

RER= Avg VCO2  during exercise ÷ Avg VO2 during exercise
Average 10 min RER during exercise = __.8952_________

3.    Use RER (RQ) value to find caloric equivalent on Table 6.3 (handout)

When RER = __.90______, caloric equivalent = __4.924________ kcal / per LO2.

4.    Calculate gross energy expenditure during exercise

_25.39 O2 consumption (from 1) ×    4.924         caloric equivalent (from 3) = __125.02___ kcal

5.    Calculate net energy expenditure during exercise
Net energy expenditure =      125.02  Gross Energy Expenditure (from 4) +      14.71         Resting Energy Expenditure      (from I. 4)

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Net Energy Expenditure = __139.73____
6.    Calculate exercise energy expenditure derived from CHO and FAT.
Use RER to find percentage kcal from CHO and FAT on Table 6.3:
% kcal from CHO = __67.5______, % kcal from fat = ___32.5_ .
Energy expenditure from CHO = _67.5__ kcal (from 5) × __139.73_ % = ___74.07__ kcal
Note: You need to convert % kcal to decimal value before calculating.
Example: If the % kcal from CHO (or fat) is 60%, you need to convert 60% to 0.60.
Energy expenditure from FAT= __32.5__ kcal (from 5) × ___139.73_ % = _45.41 kcal

KIN3433 PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE
Energy Expenditure Laboratory Report Guide

1.    Results: All results should be written in paragraph form. Simply state in words what your calculations reveal. You will then interpret these results in your discussion paragraph. (3 pts.)

2.    Discussion: Application, Interpretation, Conclusions:  What does the experiment tell us?  Focus on any assigned questions. (5 pts.)

Based on your results & what you have learned from the lecture, DISCUSS your findings (e.g.: If you find that O2 consumption increased during exercise, EXPLAIN WHY). Please do not simply state in words what the calculations already reveal; tell me what is happening, physiologically, to the body during exercise. How are the test results applicable in the “real-world”?

3.    Students are expected to discuss and interpret the lab results in groups.  However, writing the report and the specific wording, calculations, graphics, and examples must be each student’s individual work. Any lab reports suspected of plagiarism and/or duplication will result in zero for all students involved.