Relate this week’s lecture about sleep to your personal experience. What information surprised you? What did you learn about yourself?

What changes will you be making for yourself and/or advice would you give to another JWU student?

Here are the assignments for week #8: Step #1 View Week# 7 lecture recording Quiz #4 (week #7 content) – complete by 11:59pm on 10/28 Discussion Board Relate this week’s lecture about sleep to your personal experience. What information surprised you? What did you learn about yourself? What changes will you be making for yourself and/or advice would you give to another JWU student? Week #6 Geri Lavrov / Photographer’s Choice / Getty Images The Biology of Mind and Consciousness Brain states and consciousness Brain States and Consciousness Consciousness Awareness of self and environment Yuri Arcurs / INSADCO Photography / Alamy Selective attention Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus Inattentional blindness Failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS Hyman, et al, 2009 Clowning Around HARD TO MISS? Would you notice a clown unicycling past you on campus? In this study, most students on cell phones did not notice the clown; students who were off the phone generally did notice. CHANGE BLINDNESS While a man (white hair) provides directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely pass between them carrying a door. During this interruption, the original worker switches places with another person wearing different colored clothing. Most people, focused on their direction giving, do not notice the switch. Brain States and Consciousness Sleep and dreams Sleep Classroom Activity Biological rhythms 24-hour biological clock 90 minute sleep cycle Circadian rhythm Internal biological clock of 24-hour cycle of day and night Altered by age and experience Melatonin A substance the body produces that helps control the body’s sleep-wake cycles. Question #1 Think about our society which is always on the go, 24 hours a day. Who are some people that would be in conflict with their biological clock and why? Question #2 Besides an unusual or irregular work schedule, what prevents people from sleeping? Question #3 Why do we need sleep? Sleep Theories Possible reasons why sleep evolved Sleep protects Sleep helps us recover Sleep helps us remember Sleep feeds creative thinking Sleep supports growth True or False? Sleep is a time when your body and brain shut down for rest and relaxation ARE YOU SLEEP DEPRIVED? Indicate T for true or F for false for each item. ❑ I need an alarm clock in order to wake up at the appropriate time. ❑ It’s a struggle for me to get out of bed in the morning. ❑ Weekday mornings I hit the snooze button several times to get more sleep. ❑ I feel tired, irritable, and stressed-out during the week. ❑ I have trouble concentrating and remembering. ARE YOU SLEEP DEPRIVED? Indicate T for true or F for false for each item. ❑ I feel slow with critical thinking, problem solving, and being creative. ❑ I often fall asleep watching TV. ❑ I often fall asleep in boring meetings, or lectures, or in warm rooms. ❑ I often fall asleep after heavy meals or after a low dose of alcohol. ❑ I often fall asleep while relaxing after dinner. ARE YOU SLEEP DEPRIVED? Indicate T for true or F for false for each item. ❑ I often fall asleep within five minutes of getting into bed. ❑ I often feel drowsy while driving. ❑ I often sleep extra hours on weekend mornings. ❑ I often need a nap to get through the day. ❑ I have dark circles around my eyes. ARE YOU SLEEP DEPRIVED? If you answered True to three or more of the 15 statements, you are sleep deprived! HOW SLEEP DEPRIVATION AFFECTS US Sleep Deprivation Effects of sleep loss Slows reactions Reduced concentration that may lead to “cyber-loafing” Immune system depression Risk of depression Uriel Sinai/ Getty Images Increases errors on visual attention tasks SLEEPLESS AND SUFFERING These fatigued, sleep-deprived earthquake rescue workers in China may experience a depressed immune system, impaired concentration, and greater vulnerability to accidents. CANADIAN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS On the Monday after the spring time change, when people lose one hour of sleep, accidents increased, as compared with the Monday before. In the fall, traffic accidents normally increase because of greater snow, ice, and darkness, but they diminished after the time change. (Adapted from Coren, 1996.) Looking for a Better Night’s Sleep? REM (rapid eye movement) Recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur REM rebound Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation Sleep Brain waves and sleep stages The beta waves of an alert, waking state and the regular alpha waves of an awake, relaxed state differ from the slower, larger delta waves of deep NREM-3 sleep Although the rapid REM sleep waves resemble the near-waking NREM-1 sleep waves, the body is more aroused during REM sleep than during NREM sleep REM Sleep About an hour after first sleeping, REM sleep begins For about 10 minutes, your brain waves become rapid and saw-toothed, more like those of the nearly awake NREM-1 sleep. But unlike NREM-1, during REM sleep your heart rate rises and your breathing becomes rapid and irregular. Every half-minute or so, your eyes dart around in a brief burst of activity behind closed lids. Eye movements announce the beginning of a dream. Your brain’s motor cortex is active during REM sleep, but your brainstem blocks its messages. Muscles relax and genitals become aroused. Sleep cycle repeats itself every 90 minutes. Stages in a Typical Night’s Sleep What are the four sleep stages, and in what order do we normally travel through those stages? Can you match the cognitive experience with the sleep stage? 1. NREM-1 a. story-like dreams 2. NREM-3 b. fleeing images 3. REM c. minimal awareness Sleep: Major Disorders Insomnia Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep Narcolepsy Sleep disorder in which a person has uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep Sleep apnea Sleep disorder in which a sleeping person repeatedly stops breathing until blood oxygen is so low it awakens the person just long enough to draw a breath Sleep: Major Disorders Sleep walking/sleep talking Walking or talking while asleep Sleep (or Night ) terrors Tense, agitated, wide-eyed sleep, not recalled in the morning. NOT nightmares Dreams Dream Sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind Manifest content According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream Latent content According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream Dreams To file away memories To satisfy our own wishes To develop and preserve neural pathways Why we dream To make sense of neural static To reflect cognitive development 2-18 What do we dream about, and what are five theories of why we dream? Dream Theories The Biology of Mind and Consciousness Brain states and consciousness …

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