QUESTION 1

 

Which of the following is a basic element of classical criminology?

 

 

Human behavior is a product of social, biological, or economic forces that can be empirically measured.

 

 

Crime exists because of a lack of norms or clear social standards.

 

 

Crime is attractive when it promises great benefits with little effort.

 

 

Crime is a product of the capitalist system.

 

 

QUESTION 2

 

Rational choice theorists view crime as both _________ and ________ specific.

 

 

Offense and offender

 

 

Reward and offender

 

 

Victim and offender

 

 

Offense and victim

 

 

QUESTION 3

 

______________ behavior is any action that departs from the social norms of society.

 

 

Deviant

 

 

Illegal

 

 

Criminal

 

 

Misdemeanor

 

 

QUESTION 4

 

Which was the first written criminal code?

 

 

Common Law Code

 

 

Mosaic Code

 

 

Code of Hammurabi

 

 

QUESTION 5

 

To address the nonreporting issue, the federal government sponsors the:

 

 

IPSR

 

 

UCR

 

 

FDIC

 

 

NCVS

 

 

QUESTION 6

 

____________ deterrence holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts.

 

 

Broad

 

 

Interval

 

 

Intermediate

 

 

Specific

 

 

QUESTION 7

 

____________ uses multiple advances computational methods, including artificial intelligence, to analyze large data sets usually involving one or more data solutions.

 

 

Data mining

 

 

Crime mapping

 

 

Logic bombing

 

 

Trojan horsing

 

 

QUESTION 8

 

Criminologists look for _________ crime-rate patters to gain insight into the nature of crime.

 

 

Increasing

 

 

Decreasing

 

 

Random

 

 

Stable

 

 

QUESTION 9

 

In the past, how did criminologists view crime victims?

 

 

As an indirect role in a criminal incident.

 

 

As merely the passive targets of a criminal’s anger or greed.

 

 

As fully responsible for the criminal incident.

 

 

As an active role in the incident.

 

 

QUESTION 10

 

People who are crime victims are ___________ likely to commit crimes themselves.

 

 

Less

 

 

Equally

 

 

Not

 

 

More

 

 

QUESTION 11

 

People living ___________ are more likely to be vandalized.

 

 

On military bases

 

 

In rural areas

 

 

In suburban communities

 

 

In cities

 

 

QUESTION 12

 

Victim precipitation can be either:

 

 

Scientific or empirical

 

 

Active or passive

 

 

Encouraged or discouraged

 

 

Instigated or non-responsive

 

 

QUESTION 13

 

Shoplifting and vandalism are considered ________ thrills because getting away with crime is a thrilling demonstration of personal competence.

 

 

Cunning

 

 

Tricky

 

 

Sneaky

 

 

Sexy

 

 

QUESTION 14

 

What occurs when increased patrols in one community shift the crime to a more vulnerable neighborhood?

 

 

Diffusion

 

 

Replacement

 

 

Discouragement

 

 

Displacement

 

 

QUESTION 15

 

What is the repetition of criminal behavior called?

 

 

Recidivism

 

 

Retaliation

 

 

Reparation

 

 

Restitution

 

 

QUESTION 16

 

____________ assumes that behavioral traits may be inherited but that they may also evolve.

 

 

Sociobiology

 

 

Meta-evolution

 

 

Microbiology

 

 

Biophysics

 

 

QUESTION 17

 

When looking at the connection between genetics and crime, researchers have evaluated all the following except:

 

 

Parental deviance studies

 

 

Adoption studies

 

 

Twin studies

 

 

Diet studies

 

 

QUESTION 18

 

According to social learning theories, violence is learned through a process called

 

 

Information processing

 

 

Behavioral modeling

 

 

Sharing

 

 

Personification

 

 

QUESTION 19

 

One’s personality reflects a characteristic way of _____________ life’s demands and problems.

 

 

Ignoring

 

 

Adapting to

 

 

Rejecting

 

 

Manipulating

 

 

QUESTION 20

 

Monozygotic twins will have the same personality.

 

 

True

 

 

False

 

 

QUESTION 21

 

Problem behaviors typically involve family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early pregnancy, educational underachievement, suicide attempts, sensation seeking, and unemployment.

 

 

True

 

 

False

 

 

QUESTION 22

 

The more crime a person commits, the less likely he or she is to suffer premature death.

 

 

True

 

 

False

 

 

QUESTION 23

 

Most young criminals desist and do not become adult offenders.

 

 

True

 

 

False

 

 

QUESTION 24

 

The basic premise of ___________ theory is that there is more than one path to crime and more that one class of offender.

 

 

Life course theory

 

 

Propensity theory

 

 

Trajectory theory

 

 

Critical theory

 

 

QUESTION 25

 

Which of the following is NOT an element of impulsivity?

 

 

Physical

 

 

Shortsighted

 

 

Verbal

 

 

Insensitive