Converged Networks Because voice communications is an example of real-time traffic, delays affect VoIP. Answer the four parts below about VoIP delays; each worth 10 points. Part 1: How does coding/decoding delay affect VoIP? Part 2: How does packet assembly delay affect VoIP? Part 3: How does serialization delay affect VoIP? Part 4: How does queuing delay affect VoIP? Today’s converged networks are based on Internet protocol (IP) and it has been necessary to update IP so that it supports QoS (Quality of Service). Answer the four parts below about QoS, which are each worth 10 points. Part 1: What are some methods that are used to differentiate traffic to support QoS? Part 2: Congestion management affects QoS. Compare and contrast the concepts of congestion control and congestion avoidance? Part 3: The first step in offering QoS is to find a set of parameters to quantify and compare the performance of the network. Explain at least two examples of end-to-end performance parameters that support QoS? Part 4: What might be some causes of packet loss that can affect QoS? The expression Quadruple Play refers to the commercial bundle of voice, video, and data plus mobility. Answer the four parts below about Quadruple Play; each worth 10 points. Part 1: What are some examples of trends for commercial video communications as they relate to Quadruple Play? Part 2: What are some examples how commercial VoIP can benefit a company? Part 3: What are some examples how Quadruple Play will affect commercial users of data? Part 4: How will commercial customers benefit from the relationship between Quadruple Play and unified messaging service? Pseudowires are used to help MPLS and there are a number of aspects of pseudowires that need to be explained. Answer the four parts about pseudowires; each worth 10 points. Part 1: What is the purpose of pseudowires as it relates to MPLS? Part 2: Describe how and why pseudowires are allowed to be multiplexed in the same tunnel. Part 3: Explain the relationship between a pseudowire and how MPLS labels affect traffic within the MPLS network. Part 4: What is the purpose of Ethernet pseudowires? Broadband services over copper wire include a variety of technologies with distinct advantages and limitations. Answer the four parts below about broadband services over the copper wire; each worth 10 points. Part 1: What are some limitations of Digital subscriber line (DSL) technology? Part 2: What are some examples of improvements of asymmetric digital subscriber line 2 (ADSL2) beyond regular DSL? Part 3: What are some of the methods that very high-speed DSL 2 (VDSL2) uses that represent an improvement over DSL? Part 4: What is the purpose of Bonded DSL?