1. The term metastasis refers to the fact that cancer cells tend to ________. (Points : 4)
        destroy
        divide
        reproduce
        shrink
        travel

2. Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuation in concentration during the cell cycle, are called ________. (Points : 4)
        centromeres
        kinetochores
        centrioles
        cyclins
        proton pumps

3. All of the following statements are true about mitosis except (Points : 4)
        the cells arising from the process all have half of the genetic material.
        the cells arising from the process are genetically alike.
        the process of mitosis is followed by cytokinesis.
        spindle fibers are involved in the movement of chromosomes.
        both sexually and asexually reproducing organisms utilize the process of mitosis.

4. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their ________. (Points : 4)
        size
        spindle fibers
        growth rate
        surface area
        volume

5. Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n) _________. (Points : 4)
        animal cell in the M phase of the cell cycle
        dividing bacterial cell
        plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
        animal cell undergoing cytokinesis
        plant cell in the anaphase stage

6. Chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during (Points : 4)
        interphase
        anaphase
        metaphase
        telophase
        prophase

7. The chromosomes are moving to opposite poles during (Points : 4)
        prophase
        anaphase
        metaphase
        interphase
        telophase

8. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the events of the cell cycle? (Points : 4)
        DNA is duplicated during the G1 and G2 phases
        DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
        Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2.
        The M phase is usually the longest phase.
        The cell stops growing in G2 phase.

9. A human egg with 22 chromosomes that is fertilized by a normal sperm will result in (Points : 4)
        a zygote with trisomy.
        a zygote with disomy.
        a zygote with monosomy.
        a zygote with normal chromosome number.
        nondisjunction during subsequent mitosis.

10. Meiosis in animals produces _________. (Points : 4)
        embryonic cells.
        diploid cells
        somatic (body) cells.
        gametes (sperm cells and egg cells).
        all cell types

11. Chromosomes that occur in pairs and code for the same traits are called _____________ chromosomes; these do not include the __________________ chromosomes which code for gender. (Points : 4)
        homologous; autosomes
        autosomes; homologous
        diploid; haploid
        homologous: sex 
        sex; autosomes

12. Following meiosis I, the daughter cells are ______; following meiosis II, the daughter cells are ______; and following mitosis, the daughter cells are _______. (Points : 4)
        diploid; haploid; diploid
        diploid; diploid; haploid
        haploid; haploid; diploid
        haploid; haploid; haploid
        diploid; diploid; diploid

13. All normal human body cells contain ________ pairs of chromosomes. (Points : 4)
        23
        46
        92
        12
        2

14. An image of an individual’s complement of chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape, and centromere location is called a(an): (Points : 4)
        genome
        genotype
        phenotype
        karyotype
        haplotype

15. A tetrad is composed of (Points : 4)
        two chromosomes with two sister chromatids each.
        two sister chromatids with separate centromeres.
        four chromosomes with two sister chromatids each.
        four sister chromatids with a common centromere.
        four sister chromatids attached at a common centromere.

16. The normal complement of sex chromosomes for a human male is: (Points : 4)
        YY
        XX
        XO
        XXY
        XY

17. Down syndrome is also known as trisomy (Points : 4)
        13
        15
        18
        21
        22

18. Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype. (Points : 4)
        True because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent.
        True because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent.
        False because one parent could carry the recessive allele.
        False because both parents could carry the recessive allele.
        True because both parents have the dominant allele.

19. The phenotype of a black rabbit whose complement of alleles for the trait is Bb would be: (Points : 4)
        black
        heterozygous
        Bb
        homozygous dominant
        impossible to determine

20. If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray, this would be an example of ___________. However, if the calf has black and white spots this would be an example of _______________. (Points : 4)
        incomplete dominance; a sex-linked trait
        incomplete dominance; codominance
        codominance; homology
        complete dominance; polygenic trait
        a sex-linked trait; a recessive trait

21. If a heterozygous dominant tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of tall:short plants? (Points : 4)
        1:1
        1:2
        3:1
        all tall
        all short

22. Alleles are (Points : 4)
        dominant traits.
        chromosomes with more than one gene.
        2 versions of the same trait.
        alternate versions of the same trait.
        exact copies of the same trait.

23. Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of ________________. (Points : 4)
        polygenic inheritance
        pleiotropy
        codominance
        incomplete dominance
        the rule of multiplication

24. Sickle cell disease is caused by a single mutation in the DNA of a particular gene. A person with this disease has red blood cells that lose their original donut shape and form a sickle shape. People with this disorder suffer from low energy levels, blood clots, and strokes. This is an example of (Points : 4)
        a multifactorial trait.
        polygenic inheritance.
        codominance.
        pleiotropy.
        incomplete dominance.

25. A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O blood. (Points : 4)
        True because A and B are the dominant blood types and both individuals could carry a type O allele.
        False, the child must have type AB blood.
        False because A and B are codominant.
        False because Type A and B are dominant blood types and these individuals cannot have an offspring with the recessive blood type.
        True because only 1 O allele is needed.