QUESTION 1

1. The point at which a person can reliably discriminate between two stimuli is called the:

   	A.	Difference threshold.
   	B.	Absolute threshold.
   	C.	Standard threshold.
   	D.	Detection threshold.

5 points

QUESTION 2

1. The precursor field to scientific psychology that measured the relationships between physical stimuli and the psychological response to those stimuli was called:

   	A.	Psychophysics.
   	B.	Mechanism.
   	C.	Physiological optics
   	D.	Physiognomy.

5 points

QUESTION 3

1. What is the name of the auditory theory which proposed that sound perception was the result of a matching of the firing rate of impulses from the basilar membrane with the frequency of the incoming sound?

   	A.	Place theory.
   	B.	Resonance theory.
   	C.	Frequency theory.
   	D.	Matching theory.

5 points

QUESTION 4

1. The just noticeable difference (or jnd) in frequency for a series of low tones might be quite different from the jnd for a series of high tones. Yet Fechner realized that difference is:

   	A.	A psychological one, not a physical one.
   	B.	A physical one, not a psychological one.
   	C.	A mental one, not a perceptual one.
   	D.	Not quantifiable for most people.

5 points

QUESTION 5

1. A psychophysical method to determine the absolute threshold is the method of:

   	A.	Adjustment.
   	B.	Average error.
   	C.	Constant stimuli.
   	D.	Limits.

5 points

QUESTION 6

1. The new science of psychology’s battle for scientific respectability was partially undermined by a famous psychologist who showed a strong interest in the pseudosciences. Who was he?

   	A.	Wilhelm Wundt.
   	B.	William James.
   	C.	Franz Gall.
   	D.	Phineas Quimby.

5 points

QUESTION 7

1. The new science of psychology was established in universities as part of existing departments of philosophy. The philosophical psychology in these departments was known as:

   	A.	Psychophysics.
   	B.	Mental philosophy.
   	C.	Empirical psychology.
   	D.	Faculty psychology.

5 points

QUESTION 8

1. According to John Locke, all knowledge comes from two sources:

   	A.	Perception and learning.
   	B.	The mind and experience.
   	C.	Sensation and reflection.
   	D.	Acquired and innate ideas.

5 points

QUESTION 9

1. The color theory that proposed the existence of three different kinds of nerves in the retina, sensitive to red, green, and blue, was proposed by:

   	A.	Hering.
   	B.	Young and Helmholtz.
   	C.	Rutherford.
   	D.	Müller.

5 points

QUESTION 10

1. Johannes Müller discovered that regardless of the nature of stimulation, visual nerves carry only visual information, auditory nerves carry only auditory information, etc. This discovery is known as the:

   	A.	All-or-none law of conductance.
   	B.	The speed of neural transmission was measureable.
   	C.	Doctrine of contralateral projection.
   	D.	Law of specific nerve energies.

5 points

QUESTION 11

1. Scottish faculty psychology emphasized the importance of:

   	A.	Observation.
   	B.	Reflection.
   	C.	Free will.
   	D.	Innate faculties.

5 points

QUESTION 12

1. Locke’s concept of tabula rasa or the mind as a blank slate:

   	A.	Denied the existence of innate ideas.
   	B.	Minimized the role of sensation in acquiring knowledge.
   	C.	Meant that thought played the only role in the mind’s acquisition of knowledge.
   	D.	Emphasized the importance of nativist influences.

5 points

QUESTION 13

1. When phrenological exams revealed negative qualities in an individual, the phrenologist would:

   	A.	Focus instead on the positive qualities.
   	B.	Encourage the client to work to improve those qualities.
   	C.	Phrenologists never identified negative qualities in their clients; it was bad for business.
   	D.	Encourage the client to disguise those qualities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

1. The pseudoscience that evaluated a person’s personality and abilities based on facial features is:

   	A.	Physiognomy.
   	B.	Psychophysics.
   	C.	Mesmerism.
   	D.	Phrenology.

5 points

QUESTION 15

1. Assessing personality and ability by measuring the bumps and indentations of a person’s head defined the pseudoscience known as:

   	A.	Characterology.
   	B.	Psychophysics.
   	C.	Phrenology.
   	D.	Physiognomy.

5 points

QUESTION 16

1. It is suggested that mesmerism could be described as the beginnings of _________________ in America.

   	A.	Psychiatry.
   	B.	Vocational counseling.
   	C.	Psychology.
   	D.	Psychotherapy.

5 points

QUESTION 17

1. The principal activity of spiritualists in their séances was to:

   	A.	Bolster religious beliefs by confirming that there was an afterlife.
   	B.	Help the recently departed find peace in the afterlife.
   	C.	Determine the cause of death in cases where the circumstances of the death were mysterious.
   	D.	Provide contact with the dead.

5 points

QUESTION 18

1. Working independently, Bell and Magendie discovered that:

   	A.	Nerve specificity exists in the spinal cord.
   	B.	The two halves of the cortex were connected by a broad band of pathways that are now called the corpus callosum.
   	C.	The image on the retina is inverted.
   	D.	The brain is composed mostly of white matter.

5 points

QUESTION 19

1. Jean-Baptiste and Simon Ernest Aubertin were early advocates for:

   	A.	The specificity of nerve function.
   	B.	Measuring the speed of nerve conduction.
   	C.	A specific area of the brain responsible for speech.
   	D.	Debunking the belief in cortical localization of function.

5 points

QUESTION 20

1. Recognition that the brain is the seat of intelligence is attributed to:

   	A.	Aristotle.
   	B.	Plato.
   	C.	Hippocrates.
   	D.	Socrates.

5 points

QUESTION 1

1. Wundt studied the speed of mental events using a procedure known as:

   	A.	Apperception.
   	B.	Experimental self-observation.
   	C.	Reaction time method.
   	D.	Method of limits.

5 points

QUESTION 2

1. According to Wundt, the process that brings some part of conscious experience into maximal clarity is:

   	A.	Apprehension.
   	B.	Self-observation.
   	C.	Voluntarism.
   	D.	Apperception.

5 points

QUESTION 3

1. For Wundt, the distinction between the natural sciences and psychology, was that the former investigated ___________________, whereas the latter investigated ___________________.

   	A.	Sensation; perception.
   	B.	Direct experience; indirect experience.
   	C.	Structure; function.
   	D.	Mediate experience; immediate experience.

5 points

QUESTION 4

1. Wundt’s first American doctoral student in psychology was:

   	A.	William James.
   	B.	James McKeen Cattell.
   	C.	Edward Bradford Titchener.
   	D.	Harry Kirke Wolfe.

5 points

QUESTION 5

1. Wundt studied consciousness using a method that is greatly similar to the experimental method used in modern psychology. What was this method called?

   	A.	Experimental self-observation.
   	B.	Apprehension.
   	C.	Apperception.
   	D.	Method of limits.

5 points

QUESTION 6

1. Calkins’ philosophy of psychology argued that the science of psychology should be about the study of:

   	A.	Self.
   	B.	Behavior.
   	C.	Consciousness.
   	D.	Free will.

5 points

QUESTION 7

1. According to James, what process aided our making sense of a world filled with too many stimuli?

   	A.	Emotional suppression.
   	B.	Free will.
   	C.	Stream of consciousness.
   	D.	Selective attention

5 points

QUESTION 8

1. James wrote that the key force in the maintenance of social order is:

   	A.	Instinct.
   	B.	Selective attention.
   	C.	Habit.
   	D.	Stream of consciousness.

5 points

QUESTION 9

1. Many of the psychology laboratories founded in North America at the end of the nineteenth century were established by individuals who had trained with what two psychologists?

   	A.	James and Cattell.
   	B.	Wundt and Hall.
   	C.	Hall and James.
   	D.	Wundt and Ebbinghaus.

5 points

QUESTION 10

1. James’s student, Mary Whiton Calkins, invented the paired associates method for use in her studies of:

   	A.	Emotion and habitual responding.
   	B.	Memory.
   	C.	Perception and the psychology of beauty.
   	D.	The philosophy of religion.

5 points

QUESTION 11

1. Titchener relied almost exclusively on a single research method. What was it?

   	A.	The experiment.
   	B.	Introspection.
   	C.	The questionnaire.
   	D.	Mental tests.

5 points

QUESTION 12

1. According to Titchener, functionalism was not science but instead was:

   	A.	Technology.
   	B.	Reductionistic.
   	C.	Psychophysics.
   	D.	Philosophy.

5 points

QUESTION 13

1. When training his students to use introspection as a research method, Titchener cautioned them not to confuse what was being observed with the basic elements of that stimulus. He referred to this mistake as the:

   	A.	Psychophysical error.
   	B.	Stimulus error.
   	C.	Functionalist error.
   	D.	Threshold error.

5 points

QUESTION 14

1. According to Titchener, the final task of a science of psychology was to make connections between the elements of consciousness and their:

   	A.	Adaptive consequences.
   	B.	Functions.
   	C.	Motives.
   	D.	Underlying physiology.

5 points

QUESTION 15

1. According to Titchener, affections (feelings) can be described in terms of:

   	A.	Mediate and immediate processes.
   	B.	The functions they serve for consciousness.
   	C.	Quality, intensity, and duration.
   	D.	Perceptual and emotional constancies.

5 points

QUESTION 16

1. Mental asylums, often called “insane asylums” or “lunatic asylums,” first appeared in the United States in the:

   	A.	Early 1700s.
   	B.	Early 1800s.
   	C.	Late 1800s.
   	D.	Late 1700s.

5 points

QUESTION 17

1. Witmer’s team approach to clinical psychology typically used a psychologist in conjunction with a:

   	A.	Physician and social worker.
   	B.	Minister and social worker.
   	C.	Psychiatrist and nurse.
   	D.	Vocational counselor.

5 p