Directions:

1. Complete the nervous system scenario (hps://lmscontent.embanet.com/Media/MVU/NURS615/NURS615-
   w03-m03/) (Nervous System Scenario Transcript
   (https://lmscontent.embanet.com/MVU/NURS615/Documents/NURS615_Nervous_System_Scenario_Transcript.html)
   ).
2. Once you have completed the scenario, you will have the opon to print/save your answers as a PDF.
3. Using current APA professional paper format (hps://lmscontent.embanet.com/MVU/Syllabus/APA_Style.html)
   , create a MicrosoftWord document incorporang the following topics:
   a. Drug acon and use
   b. Drug absorpon, metabolism, distribuon, and excreon
   c. Drug adverse eects, contraindicaons, precauons, drug-to-drug interacons, drug-to-food
   interacons, and drug-to-herb interacons
   d. Drug administraon guidelines
   e. Clinical drug dosing
   f. Paent educaon
   g. Answers to the case study quesons, including the correct rst-line prescripon therapy
   Please note: to avoid mulple submissions for this assignment, you are required to compile your work into one
   Word document for submission.
   What to Submit
   Submit one document in MicrosoWord in current APA professional paper format
   (hps://lmscontent.embanet.com/MVU/Syllabus/APA_Style.html) that contains answers to the case study quesons
   and to the above-listed topics.
   If you copy and paste references from the course into your assignment, be sure to conrm current APA

SAMPLE ANSWER

Nervous System Case Study

Nervous System Case Study

Drug Action and Use

Drug action is defined as the way a medication interacts with the body. drug use is the impact the drug has on a specific medical condition targeted (Rogers, 2022). For instance, in the case scenario, the patient can be prescribed Paroxetine. Paroxetine is used to treat anxiety and depression. The medication interacts with the body by increasing the concentration level of synaptic serotonin by blocking the serotonin reuptake transporter (Kowalska et al., 2021). 

Drug Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion

Drug absorption is the movement of a drug from the administration site to the action site. Distribution is a drug’s journey through the blood to various body tissues and cells (Jones, 2019). Metabolism is the process taken to break down a medication and excretion is the removal of a medication from the body. Paroxetine is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized in the liver, distributed throughout the body tissues including the brain, and excreted in the urine (Jones, 2019). 

Drug Adverse Effects, Contraindications, Precautions, Drug-to-Drug Interactions, Drug-to-Food Interactions, and Drug-to-Herb Interactions

Adverse effects are harmful, unintended events that occur when one uses drugs. Adverse effects of paroxetine include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, headache, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, and sexual dysfunction. A contraindication is a scenario where a medication should be avoided because it can harm a patient. Paroxetine should be avoided by people allergic to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or taking or recently taken monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (Rogers, 2022). Precaution shows where caution should be taken when using a medication. For instance, caution should be taken when using paroxetine if one has a cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, renal impairment, liver impairment, epilepsy, history of bleeding disorders, and bipolar disorder. Drug-to-drug interactions is the reaction between a medication with another drug (Deodhar et al., 2022). Drug-to-food interaction is the reaction between a drug and a certain food. Drug-to-herb interaction is the reaction between a medication and an herb (Deodhar et al., 2022). Paroxetine interacts with various medications such as other SSRIs, MAOIs, TCAs, lithium, SNRIs, digoxin, warfarin, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). And theophylline. It also interacts with foods including pomegranate juice and grapefruit juice. It interacts with herbs such as St. John’s wort, Kava kava, Ginseng, and Ginkgo biloba. Thus, caution should be taken when taking the medication with the highlighted substances. 

Drug Administration Guidelines

Drug administration guidelines are instructions provided by the manufacturer of a medication on how the drug should be administered (Rogers, 2022). Generally, drug administration guidelines require that when administering drugs, healthcare professionals must ensure that they have the right patient, dose, drug, route, and time (Rogers, 2022). Drug administration ensures that there are fewer medical errors linked to medication errors.

Clinical Drug Dosing

Clinical drug dosing is the process used by healthcare professionals to determine the best dosage of a medication that can be used to achieve the intended treatment outcome (Rogers, 2022). During the process, factors such as age, sex, health of the patient, and weight are often considered. The right dosage for a medication is often determined through clinical trials. When prescribing medications, health professionals should start with low doses, monitor the patients, and increase the dosage as needed (Rogers, 2022).

Patient Education

Patient education involves providing a patient with knowledge about the treatment alternatives and their benefits and side effects. Patient education ensures that the patient has the right information to help them make informed decisions. Patient education can also be provided to improve the patient’s knowledge of how to use a medication properly.

Answers to Case Study

Administer a screening tool to Ms. Lansing to screen for anxiety and depression.

Please describe, as Ms. Lansing’s Nurse Practitioner how you would discuss the result with her and the possible treatment options, including pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy? Make sure to provide references.

I will use clear and understandable language to communicate the findings and treatment options to the patient. When communicating with the patient, I will consider her education level and her understanding of medical terminology (Danaher et al., 2023). Before communicating to the patient, I will ensure that she is relaxed, comfortable, and with ability to ask questions. When explaining the results, and possible treatments, I would use simple language and avoid jargon. I will discuss the benefits and risks for each treatment options (Danaher et al., 2023). After the patient has selected the treatment, will discuss with her what she should expect.

Please describe how you will educate Ms. Lansing about her medication and non-pharmacological ways to manage depression and anxiety.

I will follow the following steps to educate the patient about the medication non-pharmacological ways to manage depression and anxiety. First, I will ask the patient if he understands her condition and treatment options. The knowledge I gather will help me ass their needs of the patient and tailor my education properly. I will then discuss the risks and side effects of the treatment options the patient has selected. I will talk to the patient about non-pharmacological ways to manage her mental health problems, including physical activity and diet. Lastly, I will encourage the patient to ask any questions and express concerns.

You have scheduled a follow up appointment with Ms. Lansing two weeks later. She informs you that she has started taking St. John’s wort for the last week. What education would you provide?

I will provide her education regarding interaction between St. John’s wort and antidepressants. El Hamdaoui et al. (2022) noted that when taken with antidepressants, St. John’s wort can increase level of serotonin in the body, leading to a life threatening medical problem known as serotonin syndrome. I would educate her about the symptoms of serotonin syndrome to that she can seek medical attention immediately she notes the symptoms (El Hamdaoui et al., 2022). They include anxiety, agitation, hallucinations, fever, diarrhea, headache, dilated pupils, and increased heart rate.

References

Danaher, T. S., Berry, L. L., Howard, C., Moore, S. G., & Attai, D. J. (2023). Improving how clinicians communicate with patients: An integrative review and framework. Journal of Service Research, 10946705231190018. https://doi.org/10.1177/10946705231190018

Deodhar, M., Al Rihani, S. B., Arwood, M. J., Darakjian, L., Dow, P., Turgeon, J., & Michaud, V. (2020). Mechanisms of CYP450 inhibition: Understanding drug-drug interactions due to mechanism-based inhibition in clinical practice. Pharmaceutics, 12(9), 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090846

El Hamdaoui, Y., Zheng, F., Fritz, N., Ye, L., Tran, M. A., Schwickert, K., & Friedland, K. (2022). Analysis of hyperforin (St. John’s wort) action at TRPC6 channel leads to the development of a new class of antidepressant drugs. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(12), 5070-5085. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01804-3

Jones, A. W. (2019). Alcohol, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body and pharmacokinetic calculations. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Forensic Science, 1(5), e1340. https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1340

Kowalska, M., Nowaczyk, J., Fijałkowski, Ł., & Nowaczyk, A. (2021). Paroxetine—overview of the molecular mechanisms of action. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1662. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041662

Rogers, J. (2022). McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology – E-Book (9th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences (US). https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9780323789899