Heart structure and a little physiology

Goals: Our goal is to advance understanding of contrivances of basic cardiovascular regulation to care the development of new treatments and insights into medical therapies.

1.Know the locations of the structures listed

2.Know the function/description of the following structures

3.Be able to trace the path of blood through the heart.

4.  Answer questions after doing online exploration.

You will use pictures of our heart models to do this exercise. Not all the structures are shown on all the views, so if you can’t find something go to another model. Also, there are more numbers listed than structures listed so you will not use all the numbers,

Parts 1 and 2 Lab report: Please put the number of each structure as shown in the pictures in front of the word and write the function or description after the word. (Shown in red below. )

The endocardium and right coronary arteries are not shown by a number on the models.  The numbers are the actual numbers that you would see on the model. Superior vena cava –

Left common carotid artery (7)- Left common carotid ascends directly from the arch of Aorta as a  HYPERLINK “http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/radio/curriculum/Pulmonary/Image80a.jpg” second branch.its function is to supply Major portion of blood to the head and neck  regions.

Aortic arch (9)- The aortic arch is the share of the key artery that bends amongst the ascending and descending aorta. It leaves the heart and rises, then inclines back to create the arch. The aorta allocates blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body Parts.

Pulmonary trunk (12)- it pumps blood from the right ventricle during artial ventricular diastole

Right pulmonary veins (18)- its function is to collect blood from the right lung and vice versa.

Left pulmonary veins (28)-  allow passage of oxygenated blood from the  HYPERLINK “https://www.thoughtco.com/anatomy-of-the-lungs-373249” lungs to the heart.

Inferior vena cava (21)- it is large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

Right atrium (23) – The right atrium includes one of the four chambers of the heart. It pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary veins around the lungs.

Right ventricle (73)- it is the chamber within the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs.

Left atrium (11)-  Its primary roles are to act as a farm chamber for blood returning from the lungs and to act as a pump to transport blood to other areas of the heart.

Left ventricle (24)- Pumps oxygenated blood from lungs to body

Apex (20)- is responsible for variable ventricular reduction and sending and getting information signs from the heart’s atrial nodes.

Right coronary artery (56)- The right coronary artery explicitly provides blood to the right atrium, heart ventricles, and the cells in the right atrial wall, which are named the sinoatrial node

Left coronary artery(4) – left coronary artery and it’s a division that supply bulk of oxygenated blood to ventricular myocardium, and additionally to the left atrium, left atrial appendage, pulmonary artery, and aortic root

Tricuspid valve (36)– it creates the boundary amongst the right ventricle and the right atrium. 

Endocardium(34) – it is the tissue that lines the innermost HEART, made up of epithelial cells. It also protects the heart valves, providing a smooth surface that offers no occasion for blood cells to stick to it as they badge through the heart.

Pulmonary semilunar valve(28)- it prevent back flow of blood into the right ventricle while being passed away to the lungs by the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve(58)- the function of the bicuspid valve is to regulate the flow of blood in one direction through the left side of the heart, particularly in respect to preventing any blood from bring up back into the lungs.

Aortic semilunar valve(70) – The aortic valve is the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. Its main function is two- fold.

Sinoatrial node70)- it acts as a pacemaker, groups the rate and control at which cardiac muscle cells contract. The pacemaker is influenced by nerves, hormones, body temperature.

Atrioventricular node(59)- it is one of the main parts of the cardiac electrical conduction system, which regulates heart rate and rhythm

pictures of the models:

HYPERLINK “https://mr.learn.minnstate.edu/d2l/tools/LMS/quicklink.asp?ou=415229&type=content&rCode=A34CA89F-910D-4B74-A5DD-6D6B0D8A8FCB” t “_blank”heart anterior

HYPERLINK “https://mr.learn.minnstate.edu/d2l/tools/LMS/quicklink.asp?ou=415229&type=content&rCode=429F6DC8-023C-408B-9D49-21092D86F7EE” t “_blank”heart interior

HYPERLINK “https://mr.learn.minnstate.edu/d2l/tools/LMS/quicklink.asp?ou=415229&type=content&rCode=0509F954-B83A-4B17-804C-B685873256EC” t “_blank”heart posterior

 Go to the following website for more practice at identifying the parts:

HYPERLINK “http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/cyberheart/hartint0.htm” http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/cyberheart/hartint0.htm

Part 3 Lab report:  Please write a paragraph tracing the path of blood through the heart.

 

When the heart beats, oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior venae cavae and the coronary sinus. Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the open right AV valve, or tricuspid valve. As the right ventricle fills, 70% flow is passive through the relaxed right atrium. When the right atrium contracts, it completes ventricular filling by pushing in the last 30%. Now, when the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve is pushed closed and it prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium. As contraction continues, pressure on blood inside the ventricle rises until the pulmonary semilunar valve is forced open. Blood is propelled into the pulmonary trunk and toward the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs, where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is discharged. The pumping of the right ventricle also forces oxygen-rich blood in the capillaries of the pulmonary circuit toward the left side of the heart within the pulmonary vein.

 

 An Online Exploration of the hearthttp://sln.fi.edu/biosci/heart.html

Part 4 Lab report:  Navigate the HYPERLINK “http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/heart.html” t “_blank” website and write the answers to the following:1. What is the largest vessel that is attached to the heart, and what does it do?

Aorta-The aorta is a conduit for oxygenated blood to leave the heart and mingle to the organs and peripheral limbs. 2. What is pulmonary circulation?

It is the share of the circulatory system which transports deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and gets back oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart.3. The sound you here when you listen to your heart with stethoscope is actually what?

heartbeat4. Distinguish between systole and diastole phases of the heart.

Diastole is the portion of the cardiac cycle once the heart fill-ups with blood succeeding systole while Systole is the part of the heartbeat when the heart muscle indentures and impels blood from the chambers into the arteries.

5. Distinguish between an artery and a vein. veins carry blood from the nerves of the body back to the heart while artery carry blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body

6. What is a sphygmomanometer?is a machine that measures blood pressure.7. How is hypertension treated?

Taking of high blood pressure drugs to avoid more future complications of the disease. HYPERLINK “https://www.healthline.com/health/diuretics” Diuretics-help the kidneys get rid of extra water and salt . This reduces the capacity of blood that desires to pass through the blood vessels, and as a outcome, blood pressure goes down8. Name 3 risk factors for hypertension.

Being overweight or obese

The more the weight the more blood flow is required to supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. As the capacity of blood dispersed through the blood vessels upsurges, so ensures the pressure inside the arteries.

Too much salt (sodium) in your diet

Too much sodium in the diet can cause body to hold fluid, and can also causes the arteries in the body to narrow. Hence this Both factors rise blood pressure.

Too little potassium in your diet

Potassium helps stabilize the amount of sodium in the cells. Potassium brings the smooth muscle cells in the arteries to contract which cools down blood pressure.

9. What is artherosclerosis?

is a state where the arteries becomes cynical and pointed because of an extreme accumulation of plaque about the vessel wall10. What is electrocardiography?is the method of recording the electrical action of the heart above a era of time using electrodes placed on the skin.11. Describe how angioplasty works?Angioplasty procedures imaging regulation to insert a balloon-tipped catheter into a blocked blood vessel somewhere the balloon is magnified to open the vessel and rally blood flow. It may be done with vascular stenting the assignment of a small wire mesh tube inside the blood container to help keep it open. 12. Why are artificial hearts not an option for permanent replacement of a bad heart?

It cannot be used permanently  simply because the body will rejecting it at the end , discerning that it is a extraneous object; such as a disease or bacteria.13. Name two symptoms of a heart attack?

Painful pressure, pressing, fullness or pain in the middle of your chest. It lasts more than a few minutes, or goes away and comes back.

discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach.

Shortness of breath with or without chest distress.

signs such as flouting out in a cold sweat, nausea or dizziness