Discussion 1

New York time news article

Something that relates to globalizing production and capitalism.

Here is where you’ll submit your current events example, with a link to the article and a brief description of how it relates to concepts we are discussing in class. Be sure not to use the same article as anyone who has posted before you, although the same topic is okay.

Discussion 2

How do you decide on which disease to target for eradication?

Discussion 3

Do you have any experience around the topic of assessing needs? If so, what did that experience entail? If not, what are some thoughts that occur to you after reading the chapter? Make note of 2-3 concerns/issues/points you picked up from the reading.

As usual, create a post with your response to my questions, another post with your own question from the weekly material, and a third post answering someone else’s post.

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of collecting and analyzing data from focus groups? ( Kyle Bowen). Answer

Eradication has been defined in various ways — as extinction of the disease pathogen (3), as elimination of the occurrence of a given disease, even in the absence of all preventive measures (4), as control of an infection to the point at which transmission ceased within a specified area (5), and as reduction of the worldwide incidence of a disease to zero as a result of deliberate efforts, obviating the necessity for further control measures (1). The hierarchy of potential public health efforts in dealing with infectious diseases was discussed at the Dahlem

+Workshop. Differences in these efforts made a distinction between the disease caused by the infection and the infection itself, the level of reduction achieved for either of these, the requirement for continuation of control efforts, and, finally, the geographical area covered by the intervention efforts and their outcomes. Although definitions outlined below were developed for infectious diseases, those for control and elimination apply to noninfectious diseases as well. here are distinct biological features of the organisms and technical factors of dealing with them that make their potential eradicability more or less likely. Today’s categorization of a disease as not eradicable can change completely tomorrow, either because research efforts are successful in developing new and effective intervention tools or because those presumed obstructions to eradicability that seemed important in theory prove capable of being overcome in practice. Three indicators were considered to be of primary importance: an effective intervention is available to interrupt transmission of the agent; practical diagnostic tools with sufficient sensitivity and specificity are available to detect levels of infection that can lead to transmission; and humans are essential for the life-cycle of the agent, which has no other vertebrate reservoir and does not amplify in the environment.The effectiveness of an intervention tool has both biological and operational dimensions. Elimination validates the effectiveness of an intervention tool, but it does not necessarily make the agent a candidate for eradication. Highly developed levels of sanitation and health systems development may make elimination possible in one geographical area but not in another. Diagnostic tools also have both biological and operational dimensions. The tools must be sufficiently sensitive and specific to detect infection that can lead to transmission, and also sufficiently simple to be applied globally by laboratories with a wide range of capabilities and resources. Eradication is a much more feasible target of deliberate intervention when humans form an essential component of the agent’s life-cycle. An independent reservoir is not an absolute barrier to eradication if it can be targeted with effective intervention tools as well as economical issues but would be the most cost effective approach for which disease is what I would base my decision on (Brandy Baldridge). Agree or Disagree 
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Eradication is when a disease is eliminated worldwide; an example of this is Smallpox which was eradicated in 1980. Target diseases have multiple features which make them a target for eradication. One being the disease is highly visible, smallpox patients develop a rash that is easily recognized. Additionally, the time from exposure to the initial appearance of symptoms is fairly short, so that the disease usually can’t spread very far before it’s noticed. Secondly diseases must only be transited through human to human contact. Prevention of animal to human contact is nearly impossible and would require too much financial effort to prevent particular animals from passing it onto humans. Thirdly the ability to prevent further infection; infected small pox individuals were able to develop a natural immunity to the disease. For those that were unable to the vaccination was available to assist them and is proven to be highly effective. Other disease show chances of being eradicated but one of three things prevent this from being possible. Malaria is an example of this, there is no lifelong immunity for this disease. Another major disease is Polio; the systems are unrecognizable and make it easier to pass the disease from one person to another rapidly (Michele Haggerty). Agree or Disagree

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