Q1. What is meant by the term “waste management”?

Q2. State two methods that are used for the management of solid waste?

Q3. Which two main methods of waste management give rise to concern about possible health effects and why?

Q4. Briefly describe the environmental impact of the two main methods of waste management you mentioned in Question 3.

Q5. Mention two different type of epidemiological study for investigating the health effects of waste management processes with an example of each from the paper by Porta et al.

Q6. In epidemiological studies for investigating the health effects of waste management processes, what exposures have been studied?
Q7. In epidemiological studies for investigating the health effects of waste management processes what populations have been studied?

Q8. In epidemiological studies for investigating the health effects of waste management processes what health outcomes or end-points have been used?

Q9. Briefly describe one method of minimising contamination of traffic routes/roads caused by vehicles exiting landfill sites.

Q10. Briefly describe two methodological challenges that researchers face when investigating the health effects of landfills or incinerators.

Q11. Briefly describe the aims and objectives of the EU-funded INTARESE project.

Q12.Briefly explain the role of IARC and why their criteria for evaluating epidemiological evidence was used in the systematic review?

Q13. Briefly explain the terms ‘residual confounding’ and ‘ecological fallacy’ in relation to the evidence presented in the systematic review?