Exam 1 Study Guide – Psych 105 Fall 2014

Exam 1 includes Chapters 1, 2, 3, & 4

This is a summary of the items that will be found on Exam 1 – it is NOT an all inclusive list!

Chapter 1

McKinnon and Renner (1971)

Knowledge structures

Critical Thinking – what is it? What is/are the critical part(s)?

Research on critical thinking instruction (effectiveness, gains, etc.)

Transfer of training

Halpern’s 4-part model

The disposition for effortful thinking and learning

Metacognition

System 1 and System 2 thinking

Thinking as a biological process

Chapter 2

Memory (Who/What has or uses memory? Why important? Types?)

How is long-term memory stored?

The illusions of truth

Memory accuracy and confidence

Working memory (What is it? What enhances it?)

Chunking

Strategies that promote learningmemopry

Stereotypes and memory

Inferences and distortion in memory

False memories

Metamemory

Active Learning

Nelson and Narens (1990)

Internal and external memory aids

Confirmation bias

Chapter 3

Language (What is it? What things aid comprehension?)

Communication  (How does it happen? When is it successful?)

Research on memory for communicated messages.

Rules for clear communication

Use of analogies to aid understanding

Cognitive economy

Prototypes/Prototypical thinking

Semantic slanting/ambiguity/vagueness/reification/euphemism/negation

Strategies for comprehension (concept maps – what kinds are there? Examples for each?)

Chapter 4

Reasoning – what is it?

Premise

Conclusion

Inductive and Deductive reasoning

Conditional logic

Valid (affirming the antecedent, denying the consequent) and invalid (denying the antecedent, affirming the consequent) conclusions – will need to solve problems with this info!

Syllogistic reasoning (categorical reasoning, quantifiers, mood, etc.)

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