System Disorder and Basic Concept Analysis Paper

The nervous system comprises two major components: the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Central Nervous System (CNS). Notably, the CNS is made up of the spinal cord and the brain while PNS comprises the spinal and cranial nerves, sensory neurons, ganglia, and neuromuscular junctions. The role of the cranial nerves is to transmit nerve impulses to and from the brain while spinal nerves transmit impulses to and from the spine. PNS is divided into two divisions, including sensory and motor division. The former receives impulses from the sensory receptors and transmits them through the nerves to CNS, while the later receives outgoing messages from the CNS and relays it to the intended body organs, telling them what to do. The role of the motor division is opposite of what sensory division does.

Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

ALS is a nervous system’s degenerative disorder. Although its cause is yet to be established, the astrocytes, commonly known as glial cells, provide a relationship between capillaries and neurons for both metabolic and physical support, and contribute to the brain-blood barrier. Notably, the glial cells are capable of randomly starting secreting neurotoxins that can cross this barrier. The secreted neurotoxins can destruct the nerve tissue; thus, causing a severe CNS damage and loss of respiratory and swallowing function, which is caused by the actual loss of the fine motor control and paralysis and weakness of the body.

Pathophysiology of Impaired Physical Mobility (IPM)

IPM’s pathophysiology is self-explanatory. It is characterized by limitation in purposeful, independent body movement of one or more extremities. IPM can be caused by several factors. Some f these factors include alteration in integrity of bone structure, reduction in endurance, muscle mass, sedentary lifestyle, and neuromuscular impairment.

Link between ALS and IPM

ALS causes destruction of motor neurons of the CNS that causes complications of the IPM. Usually, ALS affects the lower neurons of the PNS and upper neurons of the CNS. IPM of the body entails extremities which causes paralysis of the body. The nursing interventions for the two conditions are similar, and both relate to healthy living styles.

References

VanMeter. (2018). Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions.