Student:

Instructor:

Course:

Title: Effects of Obesity

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the three adverse health effects of obesity

Central Idea: Three health effects of obesity are cancers, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease.

Introduction

Attention grabber: Fast food joints have been put up across all major streets in America providing Americans with a quick and cheaper option of eating. These foods have been advertised to lure people into eating them and give little attention to the effects they have on their health. The calories contained in them are much more than what the human body really needs.

Reveal Topic: I intend to inform you about the major effects of obesity in humans.

Relate to audience: I intend to inform you about the effects of obesity, a condition that you can find yourself in if you get hooked on to fast foods.

Speaker credibility: The information I intend to pass to you has been retrieved from books that have been approved by the American Medical Association.

Preview main points: the effect of eating fast foods is obesity which leads to cancers, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease.

Body

The first effect of obesity is coronary heart diseases.

All through my life, I have heard news of obese not making it to 40 years because they had coronary heart disease.

According to Eckel, R. H., & Krauss, R. M in 2008, “Although most of the comorbidities relating obesity to coronary artery disease increase as BMI increases, they also relate to body fat distribution. Long-term longitudinal studies, however, indicate that obesity as such not only relates to but independently predicts coronary atherosclerosis”

According to Grundy, S. M. in 2004, “In a 14-year prospective study, middle-aged women with a BMI >23 but <25 had a 50% increase in risk of nonfatal or fatal coronary heart disease, and men aged 40 to 65 years with a BMI >25 but <29 had a 72% increased risk. ”

2. The second adverse health effect of obesity is type 2 diabetes.

A. Awareness against diabetes has been made all through the years with advice being given that people should watch out for obesity.

B. According to Lazar in 2005 “ obesity is believed to account for 80-85% of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while recent research suggests that obese people are up to 80 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those with a BMI of less than 22.”

C. According to Boden, G., & Shulman, G. I. in 2002 “Studies suggest that abdominal fat causes fat cells to releases ‘pro-inflammatory’ chemicals, which can make the body less sensitive to the insulin it produces by disrupting the function of insulin responsive cells and their ability to respond to insulin. This is known as insulin resistance – a major trigger for type 2 diabetes.”

3. The third obesity effect is cancers.

A. It is currently common knowledge that obesity can cause cancer and cancer is right now the leading global cause of death.

B. According to Snowdon in 1984, “Fat cells in the body are active and produce hormones and proteins that are released into the bloodstream and carried around the body. Spread through the circulation, these ‘chemical messengers’ can affect many parts of the body, and increase the risk of several different types of cancer.”

C. According to Zhang in 2008, “Excess fat changes the levels of sex hormones, like oestrogen and testosterone, in the body. This may increase the risk of cancer. Fat cells also produce many other chemical messengers which affect how the body works.”

Conclusion

Signal end: We have looked at the three health effects obesity which can be caused by fast foods.

Review Main Points: The effects of obesity are cancers, type 2 obesity, and coronary heart diseases.

Memorable Clause: I trust thus this information will motivate us to watch what we eat so that our BMI stays in check. The effects or a reckless lifestyle can be very adverse, and at times cause deaths.

Bibliography

Boden, G., & Shulman, G. I. (2002). Free fatty acids in obesity and type 2 diabetes: defining their role in the development of insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction. European journal of clinical investigation, 32(s3), 14-23.Eckel, R. H., & Krauss, R. M. (2008). American Heart Association call to action: obesity as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Circulation,97(21), 2099-2100.

Grundy, S. M. (2004). Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89(6), 2595-2600.Lazar, M. A. (2005). How obesity causes diabetes: not a tall tale. Science,307(5708), 373-375.

Snowdon, D. A., PHILLIPS, R. L., & Choi, W. (1984). Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer. American journal of epidemiology, 120(2), 244-250.Zhang, C., Rexrode, K. M., van Dam, R. M., Li, T. Y., & Hu, F. B. (2008). Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality sixteen years of follow-up in US women. Circulation, 117(13), 1658-1667.