Philosophy Assignment

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Protagoras

Protagoras lived most of his existence at Athens, where he significantly impacted modern-day thought on political questions and moral. In fact, Plato termed one of his dialogues after him. For more than 40years, Protagoras taught as a Sophist, whereby he claimed to teach men virtue in the conduct of their daily lives. He is well renowned for his pronouncement, “Man is the measure of all things” possibly a statement of the relativeness to the distinct of all opinion and, according to some, of all findings as well. Protagoras was found guilty of transgression towards the termination of his life (Mansfeld, 2018). As a result, his accounts were destroyed, and he perished at sea while leaving Athens. It is conceivably momentous in this perspective that Protagoras appears to have been the basis of the sophistic statement to ‘make the feebler dispute defeat the stronger’ lampooned by Aristophanes.

Thrasymachus and Callicles are the great paradigms in the philosophy of derisive challenge to conservative morals. Callicles is described as a young scholar of the Sophist. In the discourse entitled for his educator, he disputes the position of an oligarchic a moralist, affirming that it is normal for those who are strong to dominate the weak and it isn’t fair for the weak to fight back such domination by instituting laws to limit the strong. He declares that the foundations and ethical enigma of his era were not set by gods but by human beings who certainly were searching their own welfares.

Plato theories of the forms

Plato’s Theory of Forms avows that the bodily realm is just an image, or a shadow, of the real truth of the Realm of Forms. According to Pluto, these forms are unchanging, perfect, abstract ideals or concepts that transcend space and time; they are inexistent in the Realm of Forms. In the Forms, Plato alleged that virtue and happiness could be got utilizing knowledge, which can only be attained through intellect or reasoning. Companionable with his moral thoughts, he presented “Forms” that he introduced as both the bases of all the things that exists and also only entities of knowledge.

On the theory of forms, Plato articulates that reliable and accurate knowledge remains only with those who can understand the actual reality behind the realm of everyday experience. Individuals must go through a problematic education in order to perceive the world of the forms. He leaves no doubt that only special people who can recognize the form are fit to rule. Plato urges that because the material world is changeable, it is also unreliable.   

Plato explains his theory of the intelligible world by where he affirms that the corporeal realm is not the actual realm; instead, eventual truth subsists past our corporeal realm. Rendering to Plato, for any potential property or thing, there is a matching Form, a good instance of that property or something. The list is practically infinite. Chair, Mountain, Table, House, Dog, Woman, Tree, Man, and Ship would all be instances of putatively self-reliantly subsisting abstract better thoughts.

The four causes

The four causes are essentials of a significant belief in Aristotelian thought, whereby accounts of movement or change are categorized into four essential sorts of solution to the query “why?” He wrote that we do not have experience or knowledge of things we grasp its why, that is to say, its cause. Aristotle thought that his four causes gave a logical structure of overall applicability (Pérez-Álvarez, 2017). He holds that there are four answers to question why: Matter, Form, Material and Final.

 For instance, the explanation or cause of a chair, in terms of the four causes, is that it is grained and solid since it is prepared of timber (material), it does not breakdown for the reason that it’s made with four supports of equivalent measurement (formal), it happens as such since a carpenter finished it from timber (agency), and it has these elements for it is made to support objects (purpose).

Reference

Mansfeld, J. (2018). Protagoras on epistemological obstacles and persons In Studies in Early Greek Philosophy (pp. 332-352) Brill

Pelly, R. D. M. (2017). Entrepreneurial opportunity-a perspective from the theory of forms American Journal of Management, 17(5), 87-102.

Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2017) The four causes of ADHD: Aristotle in the classroom. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 928