Q.1 Limitations with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy is a theory in motivation that has a five-tier structure representing human needs in a pyramid format (Kaur, 2013). The theory fails to account for cultural and individual variance because it is based on the assumption that everyone experiences needs in the same order. For example, if the collectivist cultures (such as Chinese and other Confucius cultures) are considered, social needs may be seen to be more important than physiological necessities or the idea of personal achievement is not as prevalent in said cultures. In another view, Maslow’s description of self-actualization, as well as how self-actualized persons feel and behave, is based on writing and speaking with a small group of purposely chosen individuals, rather than depending on a huge sample of randomly selected individuals. As a result, It is questionable whether or not the idea of self-actualization exists. Lastly, both the theoretical framework and Maslow’s mind map set a limit on the number of people who might be defined as self-actualized under his paradigm of achievement. He has previously said that around 2 percent of the population have the capacity to achieve self-actualization.

Q.4 Is high self-esteem good?

A high sense of self-worth or esteem is not healthy. If a person has high amounts of self-esteem, they will have a very favorable impression of themselves to the point of becoming self-centered (Brown, 2010). Such a person may exaggerate their own accomplishments, even though they are not deserving of such praise. Another important implication is that kids would expect people to compliment them on their achievements. Individuals who have a strong sense of self are more likely to be overconfident, and their talents, characteristics, and skills are more likely to be underestimated. The individual’s self-perception becomes exaggerated and unrealistic. Individuals who have an excessive amount of self-esteem sometimes feel superior or entitled and are likely to become self-absorbed so much so that they lose perspective of the needs and feelings of others. The result of high self esteem for people is that they create socialization issues because of their attitudes, relationship problems developing from being overly self-centered, and are likely to eliminate any room for learning and improving.

Q.5 Compare and contrast the central and peripheral routes to persuasion

The central route to persuasion happens when a message substance persuades. To convince a person, the central route employs information and facts. Persuasion occurs when individuals elaborate on a compelling argument, listening closely and considering the message’s logic (Petty & Cacioppo, 1984). In any form of persuasive communication, individuals are driven to pay attention to the facts and are most convinced by a solid logical argument. The peripheral route, on the other hand, leverages positive signals like beauty, popularity, and feelings.  In this type of persuasion, a listener chooses to accept a message based on factors other than the argument’s strength. A listener may concur with a statement since the presenter looks knowledgeable or appealing. Other times, individuals are influenced by superficial factors such as the speaker’s appearance or celebrity status. For example, agreeing with an argument made by a celebrity TV presenter on political matters. Peripheral route to persuasion uses surface features that are external to the content (Petty & Cacioppo, 1984). This approach offers a mental shortcut, adopting or dismissing a discussion or argument on the basis of superficial criteria rather than carefully considering the topic.

Q.6 Discuss the limited resource model of self-control

According to the limited resource model of self-control, self-control regulation is a scarce commodity. This is explained by the notion that if a person exercises higher levels of personal regulation, such as rejecting second helpings of dessert, he or she may lack the self-control necessary later to resist the desire to drink, purchase, or watch excessive television. Diets are broken, impulse purchases are made, deadlines are missed, dangerous sex is engaged in, and husbands, children, and friends are yelled at. It’s critical to investigate why individuals struggle to regulate their intake, emotions, and impulses. The model elaborates why people frequently underperform at what they are able of performing very well: switching from one reaction to another to accomplish a desired result (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000). According to the limited resource model of self-regulation, self-regulation works by depleting a finite energy supply, resulting in a condition known as ego depletion, wherein choice is constrained due to a lack of energy and other related factors such as consequences.

References

Brown, J. D. (2010). High self-esteem buffers negative feedback: Once more with feeling. Cognition and Emotion, 24(8), 1389-1404.

Kaur, A. (2013). Maslow’s need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(10), 1061-1064.

Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle?. Psychological bulletin, 126(2), 247.

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1984). The effects of involvement on responses to argument quantity and quality: Central and peripheral routes to persuasion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46(1), 69.