The Patriots funded their rebellion against Britain with loans from France and Holland, but also witha. silver or gold borrowed from ordinary Americans  b.  gold that had been discovered in what later became Kentuckyc. stock certificates sold in London  d. Washington, Jefferson, and Patrick Henry sold their land1. Which is NOT true of the 13 colonies in the mid 1750s?a. median American farm size was getting smaller  b. more & more Americans owned no land at all and were rentersc. family size was decreasing to 4 children or less per mother d. a lot of people were coming to Americae. there were numerous riots of poor people against landlords all over America2. Which groups were involved in conflict in the Ohio River Valley in the 1750s?a. the French and Indians and Americansb. the French and Indians and African slavesc. the French, Indians, Americans, and the Englishd. (a and b)3. Which is NOT a big reason many poor Americans wanted to go west, into the Ohio Country?a. cheap, even free land  b. love of tourismc. soil exhaustion in the east  d. no slaves to compete against4. Which did NOT happen during the 7 Years’ War of 1755-1763?a.  England got into a HUGE, debt–with interest  b. Native Americans got messed up, lost access to the Frenchc.  England got control of Canada and India  d. New England’s and Boston’s economies boomed–temporarilye.  George Washington already showed himself to be a great commander, winning the battle of Quebec5. As a result of massive borrowing, the English government did what after the 7 Years’ War?a. gave Canada back to the French and cancelled its debtsb. returned India to the Indians, and Canada to the Nativesc. immediately cut spending and increased taxes  d. sold the Ohio Country native lands, in order to make money6. Why was it impossible, unthinkable, for the English government to cancel, walk away from this huge debt?a. because politicians are very honest people  b. because England mostly owed the debt to Francec. because the debt was owed to George Washington  d. because the debt was owed to influential Englishmen7. How did the huge English debt and France’s defeat in the 7 Years’ War affect many Native Americans?a. the English stopped giving gifts to save money, and the French were no longer around to helpb. the English debt and the French defeat in the & Years’ War had almost no effect on the Native Americansc. the English government seized all the Native American landsd. the English started taxing Native American homes and furs8. Why did the economic depression that followed the boom of the 7 Years’ War hit Boston especially hard?a. Boston’s economy was more based on ships, with wage-workers rather than land-owning farmersb. heavy loss of life due to fighting Natives and the French had decimated the populationc. when Canada became British, large numbers of Bostonians left for Montreald. Boston had borrowed heavily from southern colonies like Virginia9. England passed the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act, and other taxesa. raise money to pay debts from the 7 Years’ Warb. punish Americans for the Boston Tea Party c. subsidize the East India Company  d. reverse the trade imbalance between Britain and the colonies10.  As profits from tobacco went down, some leading southern plantersa. sold their plantations to pay off their debts  b. returned to Englandc. tried to get land on the frontier to reselld. moved to the rich ‘sugar islands’ of the Caribbean  e. switched to industry and trade  11. Two reasons Virginia planters like Washington and Jefferson may have supported independence were    a. debts owed to the British and western land deals  b. idealism and desire for a protective tariff   c. desire for protection from the Indians and lower taxes  d. competition from Jamaica and fear of  French attack  12. The heavy costs of the 7 Years’ War and Pontiac’s Rebellion caused the British government to  a. attack and conquer the lands of the Natives in the Ohio River Valley  b. return the Ohio River territory to French control  c. forbid American settlement in the Ohio River Valley  d. focus their attention on attacking Spanish possessions in the Caribbean instead  13. In Boston, in 1770, there was friction between some Bostonians and British soldiers because  a. Americans had read books that explained that having a king was unfair and that democracy was better  b. in a deep economic depression desperately poor Americans and British soldiers competed for work  c. Bostonians believed that it was unfair that they should be taxed without having representation  d. the British soldiers were badly mistreating Native American tribes in Massachusetts14. Before 1773, when some Americans complained and protested taxes, the British usuallya. sent troops to enforce tax collection  b. reduced or cancelled the taxesc. increased the taxesd. invited American representatives to London15. The ‘Boston Tea Party’ happened becausea. the British taxed tea very heavily  b. the British lowered the price of tea a lotc. the British were encouraging people to drink coffee rather than tead. the British were taxing all other beverages, forcing Americans to drink tea16. Rich merchant John Hancock supported and sponsored the Boston ‘Tea Party’ becausea. he wanted to keep tea prices low, because he loved tea so muchb. he loved freedom and democracyc. he owned shares in the British East India Companyd. he smuggled tea and if it were too cheap, there would be no point in smuggling17. Why did some poor Bostonians help John Hancock do the ‘Tea Party’?a. because they hated tea  b. because they worked for him  c. because he threatened themd. because they agreed with the political theories of John Locke18. As poor, unemployed, and homeless people rioted around Boston, a group of Americans metat Philadelphia, in 1774, they called themselves the ‘Continental Congress’ and they werea. mostly middle-class people chosen by an election  b. mostly rich people chosen by the King of Englandc. mostly rich people chosen by rich people  d. mostly middle class people from the western parts19. What’s strange about Jefferson’s fine statement in the Declaration of Independence of 1776, that ‘All men are created Equal’?a. he bought, used, and sold humans as if they were chickens b. he actually plagiarized that phrasec. the British Constitution said the same thing  d. the statement was later taken out  e. he was actually referring to a sugar substitute20. Saratoga in 1777 was a big victory for the American patriots becausea. it proved Washington’s great leadershipb. the French decided to support American independencec. Native Americans were intimidated and stopped fighting d. Britain’s heavy losses caused it to end the war21.  The Americans who supported independence in the Revolutionary War were arounda. 90%  b. 55%  c. 15%  d. 95%  e. 35%22. The many Americans who did NOT support independence were calleda. loyalists  b. firebrands  c. federalists  d. monarchists  e. Republicans23. Which is NOT a reason why some Americans supported England during the ‘Revolutionary War’?a. they wanted to take over Native lands in the Ohio River Valleyb. they wanted English military protectionc. they wanted to sell to the English marketd. they felt England was their ‘Mother Country’24. France’s help to America during the ‘Revolutionary War’ wasa. naval power  b. loans  c. guns  d. soldiers  e. all these25. Most Native Americans during the ‘Revolutionary War’a. supported the Americans because they also hated George III  b. supported the French c. supported the British because they wanted to remain part of the Empire  d. fought against the Americans to save their lands26. A majority of slaves during the ‘Revolutionary War’a. joined the British because they loved Britain  b. fought for independence, hoping for freedom after the warc. escaped to join the Indians in the Florida Everglades  d. remained enslaved and had no change in status27. Which of these did NOT happen during the ‘Revolutionary War’?a. the new American money became worthless, causing huge inflationb. some Americans took advantage, got very rich by selling food at high pricesc. American soldiers were often unpaidd. many people switched sides  e. the Patriots offered to free all American slaves  28. The key victory of the American patriot side at the final battle of Yorktown in 1781 was mostly due to:a. superiority of American weapons over English weapons  b. French navy cutting off English suppliesc. greater courage of highly motivated American patriotsd. genius of George Washington29. During the war and for several years after Yorktown, the America was governed bya. George Washington  b. the Stamp Act Congress  c. the Philadelphia Convention  d. the Articles of Confederation30. Shays’ Rebellion in 1786 was caused bya. high British taxes  b.  high American taxes  c. Hamilton’s taxes  d. the English embargo31. What is NOT a reason why the economy of the new, independent USA was bad after the war ended?a.  the huge loss of life during the fighting reduced consumer demand  b. spending for war was cut backc. USA lost access to British markets & capital  d. newly independent state governments taxed Americans32. What personal benefit did  Ohio Country speculators like George Washington get afterEngland lost the war, and allowed American independence?a. England could no longer stop them from taking over huge amounts of landb. the price of slaves really went downc. the price of tobacco really went up  d. they could free their slaves33. What happened to many Americans who had lent their hard-earned gold and silver to the Patriot cause?a. the British government generously accepted the bonds at face value  b. they sold the bonds to nativesc. short of money or scared, they sold them for a fraction of their value to speculators  d. they all kept their bonds and eventually tripled their money34. Veteran Patriot soldier Daniel Shays picked up his gun and fought against Massachusetts becausea. he was secretly a supporter of King George and Great Britainb. he was a federalist and was angered by the chaos following American independencec. unable to pay taxes, his farm was taken and sold to pay off bonds held by rich city merchantsd. sad over the cut-off of Canadian Justin Bieber MP3s, he went crazy35. Which of these is NOT true of the Articles of Confederation, the United States of Americas original government?a. it had no powerful President  b. it had no power over the people’s money  c. it had a big armyd. it couldn’t take money—it had to ASK for it e. it couldn’t chase escaped slaves or indentured servants across states36. Washington and rich men from different states were meeting together in 1786 to cooperate on the Potomac River becausea. to improve access to their new properties in the Ohio Country  b. to help build the new American navyc. to encourage fishermen to move to Virginiad. to build watermills for industry37. Rich men like Washington and Knox exchanged letters about Shays’ Rebellion becausea. they suspected Shays was working for the French  b. they wanted a strong government to control the poorc. they saw that  it was a natural outgrowth of freedom and democracy  d. they felt that it was so far away from Virginia that it did not matter38.  The majority of the people who wrote the US Constitution werea. middle class farmers  b. soldiersc. lawyers d. printers  e. priests39. Which of these is NOT true of the original US Constitutiona. George Mason said he would rather cut off his hand than sign it b. it guaranteed the existence of slaveryc. it guaranteed 20 more years of slave trade  d. it guaranteed that escaped slaves must be returnede. it guaranteed freedom of speech40. The US Constitution became law becausea. for the first time ALL Americans could vote  b. Native Americans were threatening to attackc. the British Parliament supported it  d. influential merchants and landowners supported itT  41. Transforming the secret plan (the Constitution) into law by voting in the 13 states was  made easier by all of these factors EXCEPT:  a. anti-Federalist groups were large, disorganized and surprised    b. Federalist groups were small, rich, organized and united  c. Federalists agreed to add the Bill of Rights to the Constitution     d. slowing down the voting process as much as possiblee. Federalists controlled or influenced the newspapers42. In Rhode Island, the only state where larger numbers of people were allowed to vote on the Constitution, the result of the vote wasa. 10 times more people voted AGAINST it than FOR itb. a HUGE victory FOR the Constitutionc. a tied. Snooki was elected (in a close race with Lady Caca)43. The US Constitution allowed  men (if they were rich enough) to vote directly fora. the President only  b.  senators, representatives, and the President  c. representatives only d. senators only44. The first US presidential election is curious becausea. fewer than 1 out of 100 people voted  b. voter participation was quite highc. there were many different candidatesd. women were allowed to vote for the first time45. The Federalists were a political party that wanteda. strong national control by a small eliteb. no taxes of any kind  c. peace with Franced. slavery  e. free trade46. Federalist merchants such as John Hancock liked the Constitution becausea. it created equality between Americans, regardless of wealthb. it allowed the central government to block cheap British goodsc. it meant that poor Americans could get inexpensive land on the frontierd. it would mean an alliance between the US and France against Britain47. Hamilton  paid off depreciated bonds at 100%, establishing the USA’s credit (and enriching Hamilton’s rich friends) and the government would get the money bya. taxing whiskey and forcing American consumers to pay higher prices for domestic goods (by taxing foreign goods)b. utilizing the large quantities of gold and silver mined in the Appalachian mountainsc. taking out a huge high interest loan in London (basically paying off one ‘credit card’ with another ‘credit card’)d. establishing a graduated income tax where rich people paid a higher percentage than poor Americans48. Why was Hamilton’s whiskey tax a source of anger for so many Americans?a. because it reminded them of the English tax on teab. because many Americans drank a lot whiskeyc. because many Americans made whiskey  d. (a and b)e. (b and c)49. In 1794, the US government raised taxes and sent a 13,000 man army (bigger than any American army used against the British during the ‘revolution’) against  a. the British who had re-started the war b. the Seminole native tribe of Floridac. American frontier farmers  d. French military forces near New Orleans50. Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury, believed that national debt was good becausea. the Federal government was rich and had no problem paying its billsb. paying back debt would build US credit, ‘glue’ the nation togetherc. the Federal government would simply refuse to pay it backd. the British government would be forced to pay the debts instead