1) John wants to train his dog, Spot, to shake hands. John decides to reward Spot with a treat every time Spot raises his paw. John hopes to increase Spot’s handshaking behavior by following the behavior with a reward. This is an example of

   

A. [removed] aversive conditioning  

B. [removed] positive reinforcement  

C. [removed] extinction  

D. [removed] negative reinforcement   2) Philosophers who believe that truth can emerge from the careful use of reason are known as

   

A. [removed] Dualists  

B. [removed] Rationalists  

C. [removed] Nativists  

D. [removed] Empiricists   3) The two branches of statistical methods are

   

A. [removed] quadratic; quantitative  

B. [removed] informal; formal  

C. [removed] quantitative; qualitative  

D. [removed] consumer; quantum   4) In a topographical representation of the motor cortex, the homunculus is the largest area devoted to

   

A. [removed] arms and legs  

B. [removed] the face  

C. [removed] the tongue  

D. [removed] the hands   5) What theorist presents a hierarchy of needs and motivations?

   

A. [removed] Abraham Maslow  

B. [removed] Carl Jung  

C. [removed] B.F. Skinner  

D. [removed] Sigmund Freud   6) Which of the following would be a concern for a person during early adulthood?

   

A. [removed] Relationships  

B. [removed] Midlife Crisis  

C. [removed] Leisure-time activities  

D. [removed] Civic responsibility   7) In operant conditioning, which of the following is accurate?

   

A. [removed] Any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated.  

B. [removed] Any response that is followed by reward tends to become extinct.  

C. [removed] Any response that is preceded by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated.  

D. [removed] Any response that is followed by punishment is likely to not be repeated.   8) The child begins to initiate, not imitate activities; to develop a conscience; and to experience a sexual identity. The ______stage, as defined by Erik Erikson, involves the crisis of initiative versus guilt.

   

A. [removed] Infant  

B. [removed] Preschooler  

C. [removed] School-age child  

D. [removed] Toddler   9) Which theorist is most associated with Social Learning Theory?

   

A. [removed] Carl Rogers  

B. [removed] Albert Bandura  

C. [removed] Rollo May  

D. [removed] B.F. Skinner   10) Which of the following is one of the five subtypes of schizophrenia?

   

A. [removed] Delusional  

B. [removed] Organized  

C. [removed] Complex  

D. [removed] Catatonic   11) The two psychologists credited with being the main founders of Industrial and Organizational Psychology are

   

A. [removed] Sherlin and Billingsly  

B. [removed] Freud and Jung  

C. [removed] Hebb and Skinner  

D. [removed] Munsterberg and Scott   12) Culture-bound syndromes refer to

   

A. [removed] medical conditions found in geographic areas of the world  

B. [removed] medical or psychic conditions limited to specific societies or cultural areas  

C. [removed] cultural names for common conditions found around the world  

D. [removed] medical or psychic conditions that are influenced by cultural factors   13) Environmental psychology can be defined as a behavioral science that investigates the interrelationships between

   

A. [removed] physical environment and human behavior  

B. [removed] emotional motivations and human behavior  

C. [removed] family dynamic and work behavior  

D. [removed] biological causes of physiological disregard   14) Validity in testing refers to which of the following?

   

A. [removed] Test scores are stable  

B. [removed] Different forms of the test can be used  

C. [removed] The test is measuring what it set to measure  

D. [removed] Whether the test is available in different languages   15) Most psychotherapists would describe themselves as being

   

A. [removed] Psychoanalytic  

B. [removed] Behavioral  

C. [removed] Cognitive  

D. [removed] Eclectic