U.S. Divisional Structure in 1955 (Diagram 1) 1. What are the benefits of organizing by product rather than function? 2. For what kinds of strategies would a company want to organize by product? 3. For what kinds of strategies would a company want to organize by function? 4. Does it make sense to put brand managers in charge of performance (profit and loss)? 5. Despite being responsible for profits and losses, why do brand managers not have complete control over manufacturing and sales force? Western Europe Initial Organizational Design (Diagram 3) 6. How is this structure different from the structure shown in Diagram 1? 7. What are the reasons for P&G to have adopted a structure different from the one shown in Diagram 1? U.S. Matrix Structure in 1987 (Diagram 2) 8. What are the reasons for P&G to have adopted a structure different from the one shown in Diagram 1? European Category Management in the early 1980s (Diagram 4) 9. How is this structure different from the structure shown in Diagram 3? 10. What are the reasons for P&G to have adopted a structure different from the one shown in Diagram 3? 11. Who has lost power/authority in this structure? Global Matrix Structure, 1995-1998 (Diagram 5) 12. What are the major changes in this structure compared to the ones shown in Diagrams 3 and 4? 13. Why did P&G introduce dotted lines between Global Category Leaders and Country Category Leaders? 14. What problems did the matrix run into? Organization 2005 (Diagram 6) 15. How is this structure different from the one shown in Diagram 5? 16. How has the profit and loss responsibility changed in this new structure? 17. How can P&G make this structure work?