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Requirements: For this paper you will need review the theories and research on a topic in parenting (e.g., parents and childcare, cultural differences in parenting, parental influence on peer relationships). You will also include a research section on community services/interventions linked to this parenting issue. You should outline the major theories, discuss important methodological issues in the research area, review research findings, discuss community connections, draw conclusions, and suggest directions for future research. Grading will be based on several criteria: (a) Are the most important theories described? (b) Are the strongest studies on the topic cited (i.e., recent studies- 2000s to the present- as well as the most important)? (c) Are the research findings integrated (or do you simply describe one study after another)? (d) Did you discuss research involving community resources/services/interventions linked to your parenting topic? (e) Have you cited problems with the methods (how the researchers studied the topic or collected their information) involved with the theories and research you discuss? (f) Do the conclusions of the paper offer original and valuable insights about the topic? Remember, the focus of the paper should be on parents/parenting- not on children. You should assume that the reader is a naïve reader- do not make assumptions about common knowledge, so cite your sources appropriately. Specifics: The paper is to be 8 – 10 pages in length (it must be at least 8 full pages of text and no more than 10 pages). Any additional sources must also be peer-reviewed Sections: I. Introduction • Introduce your paper and present some backkground information (what and how you plan to discuss the issues in the rest of your paper). • Discuss why this paper is important and describe the focus on parents and/or parenting. • End this section by discussing the plan of the paper (e.g., First I will discuss…, Next, I will discuss…). II. Body • Longest section of the paper, bulk of points are assigned here. • Discuss the major issues involved with your paper (using lecture materials, outside research articles, and your text/course reading). • Present research-based evidence to support the issues as you discuss them. • Must describe a research theory or explanation for the findings presented on your topic. • Include research on community services/resources linked to this parenting issue (e.g., community interventions that have worked or not worked). • Be as specific as possible. Provide details and examples of what you are discussing in your paper and make sure your ideas flow from one idea to the next. • Critique the studies (methodological issues) – provide criticisms of the way the data was collected or limitations of the research you found (e.g., did not use a diverse sample, research focuses on only mothers). • Keep the focus on parents and parenting (not children). III. Summary and Conclusions • Summarize the major points in your paper. • • • Make some conclusions about your assignmennt and discuss how you came to these conclusions. Summarize the findings of your paper and discuss whether or not your views coincide with the data or information that you have presented. Suggest areas for future research (these suggestions should be carefully thought out- not “more research needs to be done”). Citing • You also should make sure your statements fit together and are not just listed (i.e., must integrate your statements and ideas). Preparation for Term Paper The issue I will explore in this paper is incarcerated parents. This is a significant issue that many are not aware of. And it still is a major issue that many family is suffering from. According to research, an estimate of more than 5,000,000 children, or 7% of all US children, have experienced a parent who is imprisoned, and this may be an underestimate number of children who are affected (Poehlmann-Tynan et al., 2017). Incarcerated parents greatly influences the growth of their children and the well-being of their family members. Therefore, it is critical to inform the public and especially individuals who needs support in our community. Incarcerated parents is a complex issue that involves many risks and may still face a variety of obstacles after the parent has been released. I will further look into the short term and long term physical, cognitive, emotional, and social effects of children whose parents are imprisoned, the effect of the partner of the incarcerated parent, and the relationship of the caregiver with the affected child. The scope of this problem is more severe and complex than one may be aware of, and its complexity has always been controversial in the society. While there’s a high amount of incarcerated fathers, the number of incarcerated mothers has also been on a rise over the past years. Since many incarcerated parents have limited parenting skills, many programs are established to educated incarcerated mothers and fathers to improve their parenting practices. Studies has shown that mothers who completed parent education programs resulted in an increase of using positive management techniques, improvements in self-esteem, positive attitudes, and better quality in bonding with their children (Newman et al., 2011). While having an incarcerated family member can be harmful, it can be devastating to the children due to the consequences that it may bring to the children. There are also social support and intervention programs that can help benefit children’s resilience and reduce the negative influences. Furthermore, the caregiver of the child plays an important role in helping them participate in the programs that are provided. I will explain more on other programs and interventions that are provided not only for the incarcerated parents but also the children, primary caregiver of the children, and the partner or family member of the incarcerated parent. A theory that will be discussed in addition to incarcerated parents is the attachment theory. The relationship between the incarcerated parent and the child can be severely impacted due to separation. Thus, the attachment between the parent and the child critically impacts the development of the child. The action or behavior of the incarcerated parent can lead to negative influences on their children physically, emotionally, cognitively, and socially. These influences include, aggressiveness, poor academic performances, and other mental issues. The sub topics that this paper will examine are impacts of imprison on the parent, codetention, other factors that links to incarceration of parents, such as poverty, the effects of incarcerated parents on children and family members, relationship among the incarcerated parent, the children, and the primary caregiver of the children, as well as social support or interventions for incarcerated parent(s) and family members of those. This paper will also discuss the attachment theory as mentioned earlier and how attachment between the parent and the child affect the well-being of both. References Craigie, T. A. L. (2011). The effect of paternal incarceration on early child behavioral problems: A racial comparison. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 9(3), 179-199. Davis, L., & Shlafer, R. J. (2017). Mental health of adolescents with currently and formerly incarcerated parents. Journal of adolescence, 54, 120-134. Eddy, J. M., & Reid, J. B. (2003). The adolescent children of incarcerated parents: A developmental perspective. Prisoners once removed: The impact of incarceration and reentry on children, families, and communities, 233-258. Genty, P. M. (2002). Damage to family relationships as a collateral consequence of parental incarceration. Fordham Urb. LJ, 30, 1671. Kjellstrand, J., Yu, G., Eddy, J. M., & Clark, M. (2020). Children with incarcerated parents and developmental trajectories of internalizing problems across adolescence. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(1), 48-69. Miller, K. M. (2006). The impact of parental incarceration on children: An emerging need for effective interventions. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 23(4), 472-486. Murray, J., Farrington, D. P., & Sekol, I. (2012). Children’s antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and educational performance after parental incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 138(2), 175. Newman, Claire, Fowler, Cathrine, & Cashin, Andrew. (2011). The development of a parenting program for incarcerated mothers in Australia: A review of prison-based parenting programs. Contemporary Nurse, 39(1), 2–11. Poehlmann-Tynan, J., Burnson, C., Runion, H., & Weymouth, L. (2017). Attachment in young children with incarcerated fathers. Development and Psychopathology, 29(2), 389-404. doi:10.1017/S0954579417000062 Robillard, Alyssa G, Holliday, Rhonda C, DeHart, Dana D, Lewis, Kaleea, Rutherford, Yamisha, & Amutah, Ndidi N. (2016). An Exploratory Study Examining Risk Communication among Adolescent Children, Their Incarcerated Mothers, and Their Caregivers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 27(2), 101–119. …