In the current carrier-grade networking gear, there are several optical multiplexing technologies that are available. Optical multiplexing technologies are broadly divided into wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology and optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) technology. Other multiplexing technologies include dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology, Television programming and commercials, Cable television and satellite television among others (Tutorials Point, 2012).

Most of these multiplexing technologies use fiber optic cables. This is because the cables transmit data faster and for a long-distance. Furthermore, fiber cables have several other advantages that make them suitable to transmit data faster. These advantages include the fact that fiber optics is not affected by external factors and the immunity of the cables to interference. On the one hand, the wavelength-division multiplexing technology multiplexes numerous optical carrier signals to one optical cable. The wavelength-division multiplexing technology is mostly popular in telecommunication firms since. they allow companies to expand the network facility without laying more fiber.

On the other hand, the OCDMA technology is recognized as a reliable access network which has significantly aided substantial development in the communication sector. In the OCDM, the multiplexing procedure involves distinguished communication channels that are specified by optical codes. Also, this system comprises encoding and decoding operations which constitute the term optical coding (Tutorials Point, 2012).

Technology has extended to a far much better position with the introduction of wireless technologies. The most common wireless networks include wireless PANs, wireless LANs, and wireless MANs. Wireless WANs and the system interconnection is also known as Bluetooth.