100pts

Please open the ‘Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data’ SPSS file and answer the following questions. The data are a subset of cases from a nationally collected survey in 2009 entitled, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The file includes 451 randomly selected participants from YRBS 2009. In addition, all 451 youth participated in an online bullying prevention program and were assessed before and after the program on their reported level of confidence to be able to notify school authorities if they are a witness to bullying or if they are bullied themselves. The dataset is ready for analysis and below is the codebook for reference purposes. 

Codebook for 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Database

Variable	Label	Original Coding Scheme
Q22	Have you been bullied at school in the past 12 months?	1=Yes 2=No
Q2	Gender	1=Female 2=Male
race	Race/ethnicity	1=White 2=Black or African American 3=Hispanic or Latino 4=Other
age	Age at the time of survey (in years)	Measured in years
Q23	Have you ever felt sad or hopeless in the past 12 months?	1=Yes 2=No
suicide_attempts	How many times have you attempted suicide in past 12 months?	Measured as number of times
pre_selfefficacy	Pretest on self-efficacy/confidence to notify school authorities if witness to bullying or if being bullied (before online bullying prevention program)	Measured from 0-100, with 100 the best confidence
post_selfefficacy	Post-test on self-efficacy/confidence to notify school authorities if witness to bullying or if being bullied (after online bullying prevention program)	Measured from 0-100, with 100 the best confidence

 

 

Part 1:  Interpreting Output

 

Description:  The below output is from measuring the participants on their pre-program self-efficacy.  We want to know if there is a difference in mean pre-program self-efficacy between those who reported being bullied vs. not.  Using the results of the test, please answer the following questions:

(24pts)

 

1.    Please identify the statistical test used and the IV and DV.

2.    Please state the assumptions/conditions that need to be met to use this test.

3.    Should the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) or the Shapiro-Wilk (SW) be used?  Please explain which is to be used.  Explain if you reject or fail to reject the null (for the normality test).  What is your conclusion on normality using either the KS or SW?

4.    Please report the results of the statistical test in an APA format.

5.    Is there a significant result?  Please describe/support why or why not.

6.    Please describe the results to someone who is a non-statistician (recommendation/conclusion).

 

 

 

Tests of Normality
	Have you been bullied @ school past 12 mos	Kolmogorov-Smirnova			Shapiro-Wilk
		Statistic	df	Sig.	Statistic	df	Sig.
Pretest on perceived self-efficacy to notify authorities if witness bullying or if being bullied (before bullying prevention program) (0-100, with 100 best confidence)	Yes	.151	310	.000	.972	310	.000
	No	.179	141	.000	.929	141	.000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

 

Group Statistics
	Have you been bullied @ school past 12 mos	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Pretest on perceived self-efficacy to notify authorities if witness bullying or if being bullied (before bullying prevention program) (0-100, with 100 best confidence)	Yes	310	43.24	19.932	1.132
	No	141	52.77	21.468	1.808

 

 

		Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
									Lower	Upper
Pretest on perceived self-efficacy to notify authorities if witness bullying or if being bullied (before bullying prevention program) (0-100, with 100 best confidence)	Equal variances assumed	6.174	.013	-4.591	449	.000	-9.524	2.075	-13.601	-5.447
	Equal variances not assumed			-4.465	253.646	.000	-9.524	2.133	-13.725	-5.323

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 2:  SPSS

 

Description:  Please use SPSS to answer the following questions. 

 

1. Is the online bullying prevention program effective at increasing self-efficacy from pre- to post-program? (32pts)

·      Declare your null and research hypothesis

(3pts)

·      State your Independent and Dependent Variable

(5pts)

·      Report the level of measurement and any levels for the independent variable

·      State the statistical test you are going to use along with the conclusions for the assumptions.  For normality, please provide rationalization from all 4 methods learned.

(13pts)

·      State your alpha level

(1pt)

·      Report your results in APA format

(2pts)

·      Report if you reject or FAIL TO REJECT your null along with why

(3pts)

·      The purpose of the program is to see if it is worth implementing in schools nationwide.  Please provide an adequate recommendation to school administration.

 (5pts)

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Is mean post-program self-efficacy statistically different across racial groups? (44pts)

·      Declare your null and research hypothesis

(3pts)

·      State your Independent and Dependent Variable

(5pts)

·      Report the level of measurement and any levels for the independent variable

·      State the statistical test you are going to use and why

(5pts)

·      Should state the conclusions about assumptions for using the test (for normality, please just provide rationalization from 2 methods learned)

·      State your alpha level

(1pt)

·      Report your results in APA format

(2pts)

·      Report if you reject or FAIL TO REJECT your null along with why

(3pts)

·      Report your conclusion in a statistical manner (formally and informally)

(5pts)

1. Please provide a visual aid to illustrate the result of the problem.

(5pts)

1. Is there a violation in the homogeneity of variance assumption?  If so, please report and explain ALL the appropriate corrections to use.  Please be as thorough as possible.

(15pts)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Question	Number of DVs	Covariate	Number of IVs	Levels of IV (k)	Participants in conditions	Parametric Test	Non-parametric Test
Are conditions/ groups/treatments different?	1	No	1	2	Same	Paired(dependent) t-test	Wilcoxon
					Different	Independent t-test	Mann-Whitney
				>2	Same	Repeated measures 1-way ANOVA	Friedman
					Different	1-way Between Subjects ANOVA	Kruskal-Wallis
			>1	≥2	Same	Repeated Measures Factorial ANOVA
					Different	Between Subjects Factorial ANOVA
					Both	Mixed Design Factorial ANOVA
		Yes	≥1	≥2	Any	ANCOVA
	>1	No	≥1	≥2	Any	MANOVA
	>1	Yes	≥1	≥2	Any	MANCOVA
Is a category more frequent?	1		1	≥2			Chi-square
Are variables related?	2					Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation	Spearman’s Rank Correlation
What is the relationship between variables?	1		1			Linear or Polynomial Regression
	1		>2			Multiple Regression