1) Estrogen increases the risk of breast and uterine cancers because it
a) inhibits differentiation
b) causes dna damage
c) turns on the BRCA oncogenes
d) acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cellproliferation
e) blocks apoptosis

2) Which of the following is a common difference between normal cells and cancer cells?
a) density-dependent inhibition of proliferation
b) Contact inhibition of migration
c) growth factor requirements
d) Cell adhesion
e) all of the above

3) The T antigen of SV40 virus binds to DNA and initiates
a) expression of the virus early genes
b) expression of the virus late genes
c) proteolytic cleavage of cellular proteins
d) DNA replication
e) DNA strand breaks

4) The RNA viruses that most commonly pick up cellularoncogens are the
a) adenoviruses
b) retroviruses
c) papilloma viruses
d) HIV viruses
e) hepaptis C viruses

5) The viral raf oncogene produces a constiitutively activeprotein because the
a) gene is always on
b) kinase domain is mutant and cannot be competitivelyinhibited
c) regulatory domain has been replaced by viral sequences andthe protein cannot be turned off
d) GtPase activity is deficient and the protein is always inthe GTP form
e) miRNA binding site is mutated so translation cannont beinhibited