Mrs. Sparza, a 70 year old grandmother with little English skills, is scheduled for surgery of her right eye. Upon entry

to the hospital, she and her son review the general admission documents and Mrs. Sparza signs them all. Mrs. Sparza also

completed and executed a durable power of attorney for health care. Mrs. Sparza identified her daughter and son as her

agents for decision making in the event that she became incapacitated. Mrs. Sparza also specified that she did not wish

any heroic measures and that in the event she went into a coma she wanted the life support terminated.

After changing into a patient gown and having her vital signs taken, Mrs. Sparza is taken into the pre-operative room

where she is placed on a gurney. After administration of pre-operative muscle relaxant medication, she is rolled into the

operating room. Upon entering the operating room, Mrs. Sparza is greeted by Nurse Johnson who asks Mrs. Sparza to sign the

surgical consent form. The form is in English and identifies the procedure as surgery of both eyes. Mrs. Sparza is told

that she is scheduled for surgery of both eyes and is asked to sign the consent.

When Mrs. Sparza objects and refuses, Dr. Pinnette enters in his green scrubbs and talks with Mrs. Sparza with the aid of

an interpreter. After a minute of conversation, with tears in her eyes, Mrs. Sparza signs the consent form and is placed

under general anesthesia. At six a.m., on the next day of her hospitalization, Mrs. Sparza suffers a heart attack and her

kidneys ceased function. She subsequently went into a coma. Her children were immediately notified and arrived at the

hospital at 8:30 a.m. When informed of the doctor’s decision to place Mrs. Sparza on a dialysis machine, the son and

daughter declined consent and asked that life-support be terminated pursuant to the patient’s directive.

Mrs. Sparza’s cardiologist, Dr. Lox, a world famous cardiac surgeon, refused to give the nurses the order to terminate

life-support. Dr. Lox looked for every excuse to avoid the family. At the family’s request, Mrs. Sparza’s nurses provided

comfort care until 3:30 in the afternoon of the next day. The two day ordeal was a long and emotionally traumatic

experience for Mrs. Sparza’s family, who received relief when Mrs. Sparza’s nurse injected a fatal dose of morphine to

ease and expedite her death.
Evaluate and discuss the legal implications of the actions in the foregoing scenario in light of the module materials and

your own research. Please be thorough in responding to the following questions:

1.Identify and briefly explain the elements of informed consent;
2.Discuss whether Mrs. Sparza’s consent was properly obtained;
3.Identify Mrs. Sparza’s rights regarding end-of-life decision-making; and
4.Discuss the nature of the act of injecting morphine.
5.Was it legal?