1
Which of the following is a colonial form of green algae?
Giardia
Thiobacillus
Volvox
Paramecium

2
Land was first colonized about ______ years ago.
100 million
500 million
570 million
1.7 billion

3
In angiosperms, the male gametophyte develops within ______.
male cones
mycelia
filaments
anthers

4
Under what abiotic conditions can monomers spontaneously form polymers?
When water evaporates from a hot surface
When ribozymes are present to catalyze the reaction
With the aIDition of water
By biogenesis

5
Gametophytes reproduce ______.
by fission
by producing sperm and eggs
by alternation of generations
by buIDing

6
Under ideal conditions, prokaryotes are capable of reproducing at a(n) ______ rate.
hypergeometric
exponential
infinite
arithmetic

7
A pollen grain is a ______.
female gametophyte
sporophyte
type of seed
male gametophyte

8
Where and when does fertilization occur in the mushroom life cycle?
Underground, as a mycelium begins to spread.
On the surface of the ground, when a spore germinates.
In a mushroom, when nuclei of a heterokaryotic cell fuse.
In a mushroom, when sperm and eggs meet.

9
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, which organelles evolved from small prokaryotes that established residence within other, larger prokaryotes?
Vacuoles and lysosomes
Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
Centrioles and ribosomes
Mitochondria and chloroplasts

10
What global climatic change gave gymnosperms an advantage over ferns?
The climate becoming hotter and wetter
The climate becoming cooler and drier
Increased fluctuations in global climate
The climate becoming cooler and wetter

11
Which protozoan group consists solely of parasitic forms?
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Flagellates
Amoebas

12
An explorer found a plant that had roots, stems, and leaves. It had no flowers but produced seeds. This plant sounds like a(n) fern.
bryophyte.
angiosperm.
gymnosperm.

13
Plants first moved onto land at least ______ years ago.
65 million
475 million
1.2 billion
3.5 billion

14
The prokaryotic group that tends to inhabit extreme environments belongs to the ______.
kingdom Monera
kingdom Protista
domain Archaea
domain Monera

15
In angiosperms, what structures house female gametophytes?
Ovules
Petals
Stigma
Sepals

16
Flagellates, amoebas, apicomplexans, and ciliates are all what type of protist?
Slime molds
Protozoans
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates

17
All prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms that photosynthesize fit into which nutritional category?
Chemoautotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Photoautotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs

18
From the point of view of an angiosperm, what is the function of fruit?
It is where the male gametophyte develops.
It provides structural support for the plant.
It is a mechanism for the dispersal of seeds.
It attracts pollinators.

19
Whose experiments demonstrated that, given the conditions on the primitive Earth, biological monomers could arise spontaneously?
Miller and Urey
Darwin
Watson
Margulis

20
Like plants, fungi have ______; however, in plants they are composed of ______, whereas in fungi they are composed of ______.
cell walls; cellulose; chitin
cell walls; cellulose; peptidoglycan
cell membranes; phospholipids; peptidoglycan
cell membranes; cellulose; phospholipids.