Q1. The Hershey-Chase experiment was a sequence of experiments conducted in 1953 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that confirmed DNA’s preeminent role in an inheritance. In their first experiment, bacteria were infected with T2 phage containing radioactive 32P-labeled DNA. In a second experiment, the separate batch of bacteria was infected with T2 phage containing radioactive 35S-labeled protein. Bacteria were after that separated from the phage coats by blending followed by centrifugation. In the first experiment, most radioactivities were found in the infected bacteria, while in the second experiment most radioactivities were found in the phage coat. These experiments demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of phage and that protein does not transmit genetic information. Can this same experiment be carried out with 35S and 14C? Describe it?

Q2. List all systems in which some component is based on movement of material across a cell or organelle membrane. List the whether the movement is diffusion, osmosis, active transport, or bulk flow. Illustrate the adaptations that increase the efficiency of this movement.